Tiger Airways Marketing Strategy

Executive Summary Since the late of last century, the business model of low cost airline represented by Southwest Airlines has been spreading all over the world, has influence and changed the framework and development of the world airline industry. This report is the analysis of the youngest airlines companies of Low Cost Carriers (LCC) Tiger Airwayss marketng strategy. Firstly, it is focused on the macro environmental factors affecting Tiger Airways. Next, it analyzes the competitors including direct and indirect competitors to point out the competitive advantage of Tiger Airways. Finally, this report is focused on the core competence analysis of Tiger Airways. 1. Introduction The low cost carrier is an airline that offers generally low fares in exchange for eliminating many traditional passenger services. The concept originated in the United States and subsequently spread to much of the rest of the world. The term originated within the airline industry referring to airlines with a lower operating cost structure than their competitors. The first successful low cost carrier was Pacific Southwest Airlines in the United States, which pioneered the concept in 1949, then this concept has been incorrectly given to Southwest Airlines which began service in 1971 and has been profitable every year since 1973.[1] Today, the low cost carrier model is applicable worldwide. One of the famous and successful airlines is Tiger Airways. Tiger Airways Private Limited is a low-cost airline which set up their headquarters in Singapores Changi International Airport. It is operated by one of the premium airlines in the world (Singapore Airline). The parent company is Tiger Aviation Private Limited that consists of The Tiger Singapore and Tiger Australia, Incheon Tiger Airways with slogan Get The Real Deal. The company was established from December 2003 to September 15, the 2004 maiden voyage.[2] It is currently the largest low cost airline operating in Singapore in terms of the amount passengers. Tiger Airways is Asia Pacifics true low fare airline. It offers the lowest fares of passenger safety and convenience of air travel. Tiger Airways from Singapore in September 2004 brought in two aircrafts in its fleet, the network of three routes. In the four years of operation, the operation of Tiger Airways from Singapore and Melbourne bases, base and third-party action in Adelaide in early 2009. Tiger Airways currently fly to over 25 destinations in nine countries in Asia. In only one year (2006), the airline served 1.2 million passengers; it is a growth of seventy five percent compared to the previous year. [3] Through the internet (the public and agents), it accounts for seventy five percent of Tiger Airways seats sold. In other words, passenger book from call centers and airport outlets accounts for twenty five percent. This indicates that the low cost carrier (LCC) model uses online marketing and technology to reduce operating costs is working. [4] 2. Macro-Environmental analysis 2.1 Technology Singapore is a technology driven country. From wireless internet to escalators, advanced technology is found everywhere in the country. People use technology here for the better quality of their lives. Under the Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore (IDA), [emailprotected]/* */ is a government initiative to build Singapores infocomm infrastructure. Working through IDAs call-for-collaboration, SingTel, QMax and iCell deploy a municipal wireless network throughout Singapore. Internet based booking adopted by Tiger Airways is one of the technological benefits. E-ticketing is the fastest way of booking tickets in the 21st century. Tiger Airways attracts most of its customers online. In addition, Tiger Airways operations are based on high-technology, and the company is constantly striving to bring customers the best services available in the industry in terms of operational efficiency, reliability and safety.According to industry standards, the on-time departure is the one that departs from the designated bay less than 15 minutes from the scheduled departure time.[5] That means they are not only doing their every effort to ensure that their planes leave on time (and get customers there on time), but also remain in tiptop condition as well, thus, customers will always get the same great experience that have come to expect, every time. 2.2 Demographic and economic The population in Singapore has increased and the visitors coming into Singapore has also increased. According to government statistics, the population of Singapore was 4.84 million in 2008, of whom 3.64 million were Singaporean citizens and permanent residents.[6] Singapore has one of the world largest GDP growths, which means that the people in Singapore are growing richer with higher rate of success. Singapore has a highly developed market which has historically revolved around extensive exports trade, in other words an export driven economy hugely dependant on export of goods to other countries. Along with Hong Kong, Taiwan and South Korea, Singapore is one of the Four Asian Tigers countries. The economy depends heavily on exports and refining imported goods, especially in manufacturing. Moreover, Singapore is also a popular travel destination making tourism one of its largest industries. There were about 7.8 million tourists visited Singapore in 2006.[7] It has also indirectly resulted in booming development of aviation industry. Singapore gets its revenue mainly through tourism and most of people coming from different nearby countries prefer these types of airline for their short travel. 2.3 Governmental Political forces are one of the most important factors for budget or low cost airlines. Forty nine percent of the shares of Tiger Airways are owned by Singapore Airlines (SIA). The chairman of the Singapore airlines belongs to the advisory council of the president which gives an added advantage to expand their network relationships with other airlines and countries. Singapore has a successful and transparent market economy. Government linked companies are dominant in various sectors of the local economy, such as utilities, media, and public transport. Singapore has consistently been rated as the least corrupt country in Asia and among the worlds 10 most free from corruption by Transparency International.[8] Apart from that, the Economic Development Board (EDB) together with the Information Development Authority of Singapore (IDA) aim to make Singapore the regions major center. Their purpose is to promote Singapore as a compelling location for companies across the entire industry value chain; creating a self-reinforcing, inter-dependent ecosystem that will continuously attract talent, capital, ideas, and enterprises to create international products and services from Singapore. [9] 2.4 Cultural Singapore is a mixture of an ethnic Malay population with a Chinese majority, as well as Indian and Arab immigrants. There also exist significant Eurasian and Peranakan who are known also as Straits Chinese communities. Around 78,000 people work in the media in Singapore, including publishing, music, broadcasting, print, film, digital and IT media sectors. The industry contributed 1.56% to Singapores gross domestic product (GDP) in 2001 with an annual turnover of S$10 billion. The industry grew at an average rate of 7.7% annually from 1990 to 2000, and the government seeks to increase its GDP contribution to three percent by 2012.[10] Singaporean cuisine is an example of diversity and cultural diffusion, with influences from Chinese, Indian, Malay and Tamil cuisine. In Singapores hawker centres, traditionally Malay hawker stalls selling halal food may serve halal versions of traditionally Tamil food. Chinese food stalls may introduce indigenous Malay ingredients or cooking techniques. This continues to make the cuisine of Singapore a significant cultural attraction. That is one of reasons why Singapore is a popular tourist country. 3. Competitive analysis The cost of competition in airline industry is high. Tiger Airways, due to its low cost nature, has cut throat competition with the rival airlines like Virgin Blue and Jetstar. The industry growth is average for switching between airline companies which brings more convenience to the customers. The fixed cost is high for the Tiger Airlines and there is opportunity for it to sell unsold seats cheaply which results in pricing wars between the rivals. Tiger Airways competes in terms of price technology, customer services, in-flight entertainments and many more areas. 3.1 Comparison of Tiger Airways with Direct Competitors Air Asia: Air Asia is a low cost airline based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. This is the first airline in the region providing ticketless travel and implementing comprehensive unassigned seats. With the domestic and international flight reservation Air Asia operates 656 flights daily, 102 routes to 57 destinations in 12 countries.[11] Destinations Covered: Air Asia covers fifty seven destinations as Tiger Airways which covers only nineteen destinations. It covers three times more than Tiger Airways. Cost Analysis: Air Asia is approximately thirty percent more expensive as compared to Tiger Airways. For example, Tiger Airways ticket to Phuket is seventy two SGD whereas Air Asia charges one hundred and ten SGD. Air Asia charges one hundred and seventy SGD to Bangkok whereas Tiger Airways charges one hundred and thirty SGD. Baggage Allowance: Tiger Airways allows a maximum of fifteen Kg check in luggage and charges 25 SGD whereas Air Asia charges 7.50 SGD. Air India Express: Air India express is Indias first international airline that offers great value for money and provides convenient connectivity in the short range routes. Air India Express and Tiger Airways both connect India to Singapore and vice versa through Chennai.[12] Destinations Covered: Air India covers ten international destinations whereas Tiger Airways covers nineteen destinations. Cost Analysis: Air India Express is more expensive than Tiger Airways, for example, Air India charges 306 SGD to Chennai whereas Tiger Airways charges 269 SGD to Chennai. Baggage Allowance: Air India allows a certain limit of free of charge baggage whereas Tiger Airways only allows seven Kg of free hand baggage. Lion Air: Lion Air is Indonesias largest private carrier and Asias first hybrid carrier which offers both economy and business class seating. It operates scheduled passenger services on an extensive domestic network from Jakarta to forty destinations with 210 daily flights as of May 2008.[13] Destinations Covered: Lion Air covers 7 international destinations whereas Tiger Airways covers 19 destinations. Cost Analysis: Lion Airways is a little cheaper as compared to Tiger Airways. For example, Lion Airways charges 89 SGD for a ticket to Ho Chi Minh City whereas tiger airways charges 102 SGD. Baggage allowance: Free baggage allowance by Lion airs is 20kilos for economy class and 30kilos for business class whereas tiger allows only 7 kilos. 3.2 Tiger airways facing Indirect Competitors: Indirect competition includes trains and buses as other means of transport to reach a destination. Land transport that includes trains and buses are the indirect competition to air travel because they permit far greater capacity and frequency of service which is not possible by aircraft and their schedules are less interrupted by bad weather than airlines. Tiger Airways covers destinations such as Kuala Lumpur, Bangkok, Phuket and other destinations where are also accessible through other means of transportations such as trains and buses. Trains and buses hence are an indirect competition because of various reasons, such as time, price, and luggage allowed to carry, etc,. For example: 1. Tiger Airways has daily flights to Kuala Lumpur and Bangkok from Singapore but the frequency of buses from Singapore to Kuala Lumpur are ten times more. 2. Tiger Airways charges 59 SGD for a one way ticket from Singapore to Kuala Lumpur whereas the bus charges 33 SGD. However there are few buses such as Transnational Express which costs 15 SGD. Therefore, the ticket price varies depending on the type of bus passengers choose and the place from where passengers board the bus. A slower, costlier, but more comfortable way to travel to Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, would be by rail. To Kuala Lumpur there are two day time trains and one over night sleeper train daily. The charges vary depending on the seat passengers choose. For instance, if passengers choose a first class seat it will cost approximately 28 SGD whereas a second class seat would cost around 14 SGD. 3. Tiger Airways charges 131 SGD for a one way ticket from Singapore to Bangkok and the train charges approximately 82 SGD for second class sleeper. However there is no direct train from Singapore to Bangkok. Therefore, passengers have to change minimum two to three trains further down to Bangkok. Obviously, convenience of travel is a known fact as traveling by air is the fastest means of transportation as compared to any other means. Basically for an airlines industry the main substitutes are travelling by train, bus or car to any desired destination. The various factors affecting these substitutes are money, convenience and time. However Tiger Airlines being price sensitive lures many travelers away from these substitutes. Thus, the cost is the key consideration for many travelers. The competitive possession of tiger airlines is affected by the bargaining power of the buyers. The potential buyers can put a lot of pressure on airline business which further affects its price, volume and profit margin. Tiger Airlines flying from the Gold Coast airport is competing for the same customer, which in turn is strengthening the buying power. A lot of buyers are attracted to tiger airlines as it main strength is its price. The threaten route for Tiger Airlines in the future is determined by the existing barriers to entry. Cost of entry is the biggest barrier. The cost of buying and leasing aircrafts, safety and security measures, customer services and man power is high. Tiger Airways itself a new entrant in the Airline industry has added a lot to the competition. This means a major constraint on the profit margin for the Airline industry. 4. Core Competences Analysis In order to satisfy the visitors on the Asia-Pacific region, Tiger Airways relies on low fares and the reliable regional air services. That is a true low fare airline which operates on three customer-focused core strategies: First of all, market stimulation. Tiger Airlines creates opportunities for new travelers and empowering budget conscious people to fly more often by making travel affordable with its consistent low fares. Tiger Airlines facilitates its processes of providing effective consumer service by online sales services, they provide hotel accommodation for the passengers, car rental and travel insurance benefits to passengers online. Huge response is generated by the consumers through the process of online sales as the number of seats booked online is increasing year after year. Services provided to travelers with benefits like offering them more options in terms of increased capacity in routes. Tiger Airlines is still under process of opening more travel options for the employees. Secondly, Tiger realized the importance of stringent cost control through their operations, so that they can keep our fares consistently low for travelers. Tiger Airways empowers budget conscious people to fly more often by making travel affordable with its consistent low fares. The market share of the airlines has increased due to the low price. Tiger airways offered 100,000 seats at 9.95 for Australian destinations. To book return flights from Melbourne at Mackay at 49.95 per flight and there were no server problems as in the case of Jet star. They charge $30 for exit row seats and $8 for all other seats. Thirdly, capacity utilization maximizes the number of sectors served by their aircraft per day with efficient air traffic planning. Tiger Airways has effective workforces, who work diligently to make the airlines a success. With the increase in the number of phone customers, due to good salesmanship done by the employees working in the call centers, the airline has decided to increase the number of staff in call centers. Generally the tickets are sold online or in airports. After sale services like delivering the purchased ticket at the house of customers adds to its marketing strategy. Moreover, Tiger Airways seeks to act as a good corporate citizen at all times and undertakes contributions and sponsorship programs as part of its partnership with the community. For example, it is currently making conscious efforts to conserve wildlife and sponsors the upkeep of Winnie, a white Tiger at the Singapore Zoological Gardens for the purpose of conservation, education and recreation Tiger Airways business model is based on the success of Ryanair, which uses a very low cost competitive basis, the basis of low fares. It also involves examining every aspect of the business, in an effort to eliminate non-essential costs, but it will not cut any corner of the passenger safety and on time. However, Tiger Airways should be constantly looking for good business opportunities available to the market. For example, one glaring advantage of using YouTube is that it serves 100 million videos per day. No matter what YouTube content (unlicensed, kids falling of skateboards, etc), thats a huge number and there are tremendous opportunities for Tiger Airways to benefit in order to reach such a huge audience for any business opportunities. Changes in technology and markets on both a broad and narrow scale are opportunities that Tiger Airways can also utilize. According to Forrester Research, online consumer auction sales will reach US$65 billion by 2010. This is almost one-fifth of all online retail sales. The growth of high speed broadband, and the number of online users, has opened new windows of opportunity for reaching viewers. The aims is to find the most effective internet advertising techniques for making full use of the internets, rapidly expanding, global marketplace. 5. Conclusion Based on above analysis, it can be seen clearly that Tigers success is no accident. It is based on their effective correct marketing strategies and operation performance. Although Tiger Airway is a successful company and has achieved good brand recognition widely, it still has much to improve in order to maintain the momentum it has generated over five years in operation. From the research point of view, with the marketing mix audit, I m able to identify and provide suggestions based on the aspects which we feel have to be improved, reinforced, developed to be the most effective. Besides that, I get an obvious view of the marketing strategies employed by Tiger Airways through the macro, competitive and core analysis. Reference [1] The History of PSA, https://www.jetpsa.com/index/history.html [2] Company Overview, https://www.tigerairways.com/sg/en/about_us.php [3] Tiger Airways sees 75% jump in number of passengers. Channel NewsAsia, Janauary 2007 [4] Tiger Airways new Advertising Campaign sees sales up more than 60%, 26 October 2005, https://www.asiatraveltips.com/news05/2610-Advertising.shtml [5] On-Time Performance, https://www.tigerairways.com/id/en/on_time_performance.php [6] Singapore Statistic, https://www.singstat.gov.sg/stats/keyind.html#popnarea. [7] Record Year As Tourism Exceeds 2006 Targets With S$12.4 Billion Tourism Receipts And 9.7 Million Visitor Arrivals, https://app.stb.gov.sg/asp/new/new03a.asp?id=6243 [8] Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index 2006. https://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi. Retrieved on 2007-02-03. [9] Singapore Paves the Way as Trusted Global E-Commerce Hub https://www.ida.gov.sg/News%20and%20Events/20060926094702.aspx?getPagetype=20 [10] Media 21: Transforming Singapore into a Global Media City. Media Development Authority Singapore (PDF). Retrieved on 17/09/06 [11] AirAsia, https://www.budgetairlineguide.com/airasia [12] Air India Express, https://www.airindiaexpress.in/airindiaexpress/Home.asp [13] Lion Air, https://w3.lionair.co.id/ [14] Tiger Airways, https://www.tigerairways.com/sg/ [15] Cheap Airline Tickets! https://www.kipaddotta.com/travel/cheap-airline-tickets.html [16] Gross, S./Schroeder, A. (Eds.): Handbook of Low Cost Airlines Strategies, Business Processes and Market Environment, Berlin 2007

A Case Study Of Nestle S.a - 1368 Words

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Irish Immigrants In Early America Essay - 1351 Words

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The Effects of Tone in A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner

The story A Rose for Emily is one of first William Faulkner’s publications. The action of this story takes place in a time filled with social and political turmoil, when Southern came into a historical lethargy, and when its glow start faded. The elements presented in A Rose for Emily make reference to that time and are a tribute to Mss. Emily Graiser. A dominant tone is shown by a footprint of the past and loneliness to which was added symbolism and melancholia. The author showed us through his words issue of life, love and death, a sensitivity which gets us closer of characters life and struggles. The story begins with the death of Emily Graiser- the main character- and the action is presented backwards and gradually her life and†¦show more content†¦Symbolic the hose became part of her, and what once was full of hope and happiness, with the death of her father, whom she loved and respected, and whose death was hardly accepted by her, and the mysterious disappearance of her fiancà ©, the house became a prison where Tobe-the loyal servant- was the only one to have access to. The two male figures from her life had a great influence on her especially that in the 1930s women were not allowed to have a job or education they were being considered inferior to men. The time factor is accentuated when the Colonel Santoriss name was mentioned, a character dead for ten years to which Emily insisted on being asked the reason for which she was not paying taxes. Later with modernization of the city and postal appearance she refuses a number for her house, wanting everything to remain unchanged. Her appearance has suffered a total transformation with the disappearance of her men from her life, her appearance being presented in the beginning as slender figure and later time She Looked bloated .... Her eyes, lost in fatty ridges of her face.(33) Emily is a character surrounded by mystery, leaving a mark on the influence of others, causing them to create their own scenarios about her life. It happened when she met Homer, when everyone hoped she will marry him, or when she bought poison and everyone thought she would poison herself. Her high wealthy status and respect were emphasized when she kicked out the people whoShow MoreRelatedComparison and Contrast: A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner and The Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe929 Words   |  4 Pagesevident in how William Faulkner and Edgar Allan Poe employ it to achieve distinctly Gothic effects. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† are very different stories set in very different worlds, and the tone of the narration in each is equally different. Nonetheless, the stories both offer strong symbolism, and they each rely on how the short story amplifies the Gothic, or dark, by virtue of brief presentation. Poes â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† and Faulkners â€Å"A Rose for Emily† both employRead MoreUses of the Conventions of the Gothic Story in The Yellow Wallpaper and A Rose for Emily1467 Words   |  6 Pagesextremely popular form of literature, and it has been a major genre since then. 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If we examine â€Å"A Rose for Emily† in terms of formalist criticism, we see that the story dramatizes through setting, plot, characterization, and symbolism on how Miss Emily’s life is controlled by a possessive love she had for her father and lover. William Faulkner uses Emily’s life as the protagonist to examine from a formalist aspect. In orderRead More Impact of Imagery Essay753 Words   |  4 Pagesgreat deal of effect on the impact of the story. A story with effective imagery will give the reader a clear mental picture of what is happening and enhance what the writer is trying to convey to the reader. William Faulkner exhibits excellent imagery that portrays vivid illustrations in ones mind that enhances, â€Å"A Rose for Emily†. The following paragraphs will demonstrate how Faulkner uses imagery to illustrate descriptive pictures of people, places and things that allow Faulkner to titillate theRead MoreAn Occurrence At Old Creek Bridge And William Faulkner s A Rose For Emily1210 Words   |  5 Pagesrarely written in a non-linear structure. Ambrose Bierce’s â€Å"An Occurrence at Old Creek Bridge† and William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† are good examples of non-linear structure. A non-linear narrative makes readers question why the author cannot present his story i n a lucid form? Non-linear structure often makes stories harder to understand, but it keeps readers interested in the story. Bierce and Faulkner uses a similar strategy to present their stories by deceiving the readers to create suspense atRead MoreA Rose for Emily by William Faulkner678 Words   |  3 Pagesstory â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, William Faulkner escorts the reader through the peculiar life of the main character Miss Emily Grierson. The gloomy tone of the story is set by the author beginning his tale with the funeral of Miss Emily. During course of the story, we are taken through different times in Miss Emily’s life and how she was lost in time, with the town around her moving forward. Through the use of southern gothic writing style, narrator point of view, and foreshadowing, Faulkner aids theRead MoreThe Search for Time in Yoknapatawpha County1908 Words   |  8 PagesImagine how different Harry Potter would be if it took place in South Africa, instead of the magical kingdom of Hogwarts? Setting also enhances the tone of the narrator by adding effects, such as, weather changes, time of day, time of the year and the time period of the story. Furthermore, in the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner, the setting is a source of conflict. The narrator’s of the story, the town’s people, have an unknown entity, but because the story shifts between time

A Womans Journey Essay - 1336 Words

A Womans Journey The old definition for feminism was defined as working towards an overall goal as a group, to achieve economic and political power. Today, this new definition no longer holds true, because many women are misrepresented and confused by many new definitions of feminism. This confusion has created womens ability to take matters into her own hands, and follow her own goals and inspirations-whatever they may be. The first wave of the womens movement started when Abigail Adams wrote her husband, John, to ask him to remember the ladies when writing the Declaration of Independence. In fact, the writers did include womens rights, but they took it†¦show more content†¦Protests became an every day word, and womens rights became inevitable. They stood to be heard and respected. In the end, they achieved it with grace. The United States passed several laws during the 1960s and 1970s, aimed at providing equal rights for women. The Equal Pay Act of 1963 requires equal pay for men and women doing the same work. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits job discrimination on the basis of sex as well as on the basis of color, race, national origin, and religion. Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 bans discrimination on the basis of sex by schools and colleges receiving federal funds. This law applies to discrimination in all areas of school activity, including admissions, athletics, and educational programs. The Equal Credit Opportunity Act took effect in 1975. It prohibits banks, stores, and other organizations from discriminating on the basis of sex or marital status in making loans or granting credit. After passing many laws, women gained political and economic power in the United States. Even now, womens power has continued to increase in wages, politics, education, and labor force. 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Prison vs. Education free essay sample

America is ranked number one in the world in the amount of people they incarcerate. On average for every 100,000 U. S citizens there are 500 citizens incarcerated (Tsai). A high percentage of the inmates are illiterate and about seventy percent of them dropped out of high school (Tsai). The government continues to increase funding for prisons as their population grows and at the same time the funds for education decline. As one might see there is an underlying correlation between education and crime. If the government would put less money into the prison system and more money in the public school system; crime and high school dropout rates would decrease. In Los Angeles, California resides the country’s highest prison population averaging out to more than 20,000 inmates. To compensate for the high incarceration the funds for their prisons increased a billion dollars more than education in 2010. In that same year Los Angeles Unified School District estimates about 640 million dollar loss from their previous year’s budget (Hawkins). This is only spreading the burdens of the economy onto students making it harder for them to succeed. Cities in L. A. where schools have the lowest performing students exist in the highest incarceration rated neighborhoods. The schools with the highest performing schools have the lowest incarceration rates (Hawkins). Dr. Tracy Lachica Buenavista reveals that, â€Å"Research has found that access to education is a deterrent to incarceration and if they have an access to education, they are less likely to be incarcerated† (Hansook). When budget cuts are made schools have to eliminate programs, resources, and teachers to compensate. They have to raise their class sizes which makes it harder for teachers to focus individually on students, further allowing more to slip through the cracks. Houston, Texas contains some of the nation’s highest dropout rates. Sharpstown High School in particular is known as the dropout factory. In 2012 of the 455 students that came in there freshmen year only 217 students managed to graduate on time. The majority of the students that attend come from low income families making it harder for them to stay in school. Also a good portion of the kids at some point or another find themselves getting in trouble with the law which forces them to leave school as well. Serious changes needed to be made to the district so they created a program called Apollo 20. This program was designed to better meet the needs of students who were at risk of dropping out and to the consistently low test scores. They first replaced all the principals, assistant principals and they also made teachers reapply for their jobs. The school increase their time on task by adding an hour to their school day and adding two weeks to the school year. Adding staff on strictly for at risk students to council them and meet their critical needs that they otherwise wouldn’t of had time for in previous years. They have a campus improvement coordinator that organizes and keeps track of the data of all the students so they are constantly aware of their academic status so no student falls behind. A high dosage of tutoring was put in place for every student as well. The money for this program unfortunately had to be raised by foundations and companies from the surrounding community since the government did not provide the funding in their budget (Koughan). The dedication of the staff and the changes that were made all proved to be key in their success. The prison inmates typically have little to no education under their belt. Some at most have a high school education to show for. The average age for offenders is between their 20’s and 30’s which is right around the time they could be in college or graduating onto a career. The job opportunities for people who do not complete high school are slim with only minimum wage jobs or the military. This leaves many people to resort to illegal crimes as a way to make their money. In 2008 the percentage of men in prison with less than a high school degree was at thirty-seven percent compared to the averaged five percent of men with more than a high school degree (Tsai). The average grade level for inmates is at a tenth grade level and most of them are likely to be illiterate. Without a degree that can lead to higher paying jobs the more likelihood of men ending up in prison is far greater for those that do. The funds for education overall are higher than prisons but every year these funds are dwindling while prison funds are increasing. In cities like Philadelphia and Houston countless budget cuts are being made every year meanwhile new prisons are being built and budgets are growing. Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger of California stated in his 2010 State of address that Spending 45 percent more on prisons than universities is no way to proceed into the future. What does it say about any state that focuses more on prison uniforms than on caps and gowns? (Adem). An estimated one billion dollars in education budget cuts were made in 2012 with 871 million dollar prison spending increase (Norton). California spends about $47,000 on each inmate every year and spending only $9,000 per student. New York State spends about $56,000 per inmate and approximately $16,000 for each student in the school system (Prann). The cost per inmate increases with age because the state has to pay for their health care and as they get older the need for medical attention swells. Inmate’s state of health are already poor entering their sentence because most of them were heavily involved in alcohol or drugs. The sentences for inmates are very long and for a lot of inmate’s time is added on to their sentence. So much of their life is spent in prison leaving all the expenses left up to the state further crippling education’s means of survival. Jimmy Santiago Baca is an advocate of education and spends a great deal of his time ministering youth the importance of staying in school. He spent the majority of his life going in and out of foster homes, juvenile halls and maximum security prisons until he was twenty-five years old. About a year before his release a mentor of his introduced him to poetry and transformed him completely. He went on to write poetry about his own life and was even able to have a lot of it published the year he was released. After entering back into society Jimmy worked to earn his high school degree then went onto college. The world of reading and writing changed his whole perception on life triggering flash backs from his former life and seeing how being uneducated affected him. Being a former illiterate himself Jimmy believes that â€Å"The bad thing about not being able to read and write is that you are not a part of it, of life and when you do get the grasp of language and look back behind you, the horror of being manipulated and used by people who were supposed to love you is so overwhelming† (Rosario). After years of speaking in juvenile halls he has found that illiteracy is becoming a common occurrence. Studies show that about eighty-five percent of youth that come in contact with the juvenile system are illiterate (Rosario). Without education Jimmy believes a life of crime is inevitable for young people which is why he has made it his life’s work to empower youth through reading and writing. He has gone to great lengths with his various foundations and workshops to provide opportunities for children to excel in their studies. When inmates are released from prison many of them end up committing new crimes, and consequently bringing them right back to where they started, prison. The recidivism rate in the United States is at startling all time high at 67. 5 percent. To counter act this rising rate several states have been implementing educational programs into their prisons. Those that have done so like Indiana have seen recidivism rates lowered by forty-four percent compared to the inmates who haven’t taken any college courses (Stern). Jimmy Baca found in one of his studies that there’s a sixteen percent chance of inmates returning to prison if they receive literacy help (Rosario). If the same person that came into prison is the same one who goes out, it’s obvious that they will most likely return to their old lifestyle. Allowing society’s outcast to earn a degree gives them a new found purpose to their life that will in return make their transition into the outside world that much easier. Along with these programs not only reducing recidivism rates it will also prove to be cost effective. The 2.  3 million in prison population is already astounding and those that return to prison on account of recommitting the same crime has a great deal to do with the rising population (Stern). At the University of California the Department of Policy Studies found in a study that when one million dollars is invested into incarceration it will prevent about 350 crimes. If that million is invested into educat ional programs it will double the amount of crimes they can prevent. The same study also included that for each re-incarceration that is prevented by prison education the state saves $20,000. If one million is invested the states can stop 26 inmates of returning, producing a savings of about $600,000. The inmates who do not participate each one costs about 25,000 per year to incarcerate, adding up to about 1. 6 million for an overall cost (Stern). As one may see the smart investment would be in correctional education. More often than not lower performing schools are in low economic areas with high incarceration rates. This is why greater educational funds are crucial to helping children stay in school. These funds provide resources, teachers and staff that are dedicated to making sure that every student not only graduates but receives a quality education. If education is made more accessible then it will lead young adults into higher paying jobs which will in return reduce crime rates. Without this much needed money the next generation is in jeopardy because schools not only educate, they prepare students for the future by showing them the right way to behave in society and imparting their life with structure.

Minds Are Opened Only When Hearts Are Opened Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Minds Are Opened Only When Hearts Are Opened Argumentative Essay Empathy, as am going to use it here, is not to be confused with projection, in which a person, forever well-intentioned, while supposing themselves to be attuned to the other has unwittingly confused what he/she feels with what they imagine the other to be feeling. Empathy is the capacity to put oneself in the shoes of the other, to see, as far as it is possible, the world through someone elses eyes. The capacity for accurate empathy develops in the first year of life. We know from fem. studies how from babyhood onwards, mirror neurons in the pre-frontal cortex and compensatory areas of the childs brain are activated by mother-child interactions, enabling an imaginative comprehension Of the inner world Of the other (Geysers et al. 010). We also know how what is called Theory of Mind fails to develop in children with autistic spectrum disorders, very possibly due to a failure of this kind of neural processing. Psychopaths, perhaps surprisingly, have a capacity for empathy. A torturer knows that a person may bravely face his own death where the threat to kill his family is much more likely to have the desired effect. But psychopaths are not in touch with what it means to love, and so their empathy is coldly clinical and used in the service of manipulation. For the majority tot us, who are in touch with both our conscience and our emotions, the uniqueness of empathy are very different, for empathy is the prerequisite of love in its most unselfish form compassion. Human beings are a young species in the life of this planet, certainly less than two million years old, and only since approximately 200,000 years ago, along with the discovery of how to use fire, has complex social life with speech and symbolization developed. Compassion for ones own kith and kin doubtless flourished in tribal communities otherwise bent on sheer survival through fight or flight. However, the notion of compassion for ones enemies is very recent when set against the time line of humanity, ND far from universally espoused to this day. Alongside its place in secular society, compassion is at the heart of all the major faith traditions. In the field of medicine, too, it has always been indispensable to good medical practice, Which does not distinguish been friend and foe. Yet from psychoanalysis 2 through to the plethora of therapies that are available today. There has been much more interest in empathy than compassion. Why should this be so? My impression is that love, even of the compassionate variety, sits uneasily with a conceptual framework of psychopathology, especially one that strives to belong o the institutions of science We do not speak of loving our patients, or even having love for our patients. This is regarded as an inappropriate emotion, one that could lead (and sometimes does) to unprofessional intimacy. Instead we show concern, suspend judgment, pay great attention, and do a lot of containing, in the parlance Of psychotherapy. The twists and turns Of the mind, its defensive strategies and maladaptive patterns and, in some therapies, its unconscious behavior, are elucidated and brought into focus. One way or another, the patient is helped to find a greater degree of understanding, control r both, which aims to free him from a state of entrapment to one of greater freedom and choice. This opening of the mind is profoundly beneficial. Yet there are dangers that need to be considered. Firstly, the therapist may hold a view about what is, or should be, normal, and what comprises a successful outcome; this can render an anxious or depressed person captive to the therapists ambitions for him. Secondly, employing a favored therapeutic schema, be it psychoanalysis or cognitive behavior therapy, may say more about the therapists preference than what is best for the patient. Thirdly, if the therapy is carried out mind-to-mind and the heart is unattended, the essence of the person seeking help remains untouched, and so the therapist can never know that he truly met his patient and helped him to identify and address his needs. The same problem arises, of course, when mental distress is dealt with by over-reliance on the use of medication. Clinicians do not regard themselves as unfeeling and the great majority are extremely hardworking, very sincere people. Yet we are dealing these days with an extraordinary epidemic of mental anguish and we have to question what this means. Some, like Thomas Sass (1961) have argued that the sick patient is modern society, and that medicating or psychologist emotional distress, however well-intentioned, is to suffer from the same disease. The epidemic I am referring to does not include the 2% of people who suffer from severe mental illness; bipolar illness and schizophrenia are, in my view, consequent on brain disorders that need psychiatric intervention. (It is of note that this percentage remains constant over time and across cultures). Am alluding to the 10 million people who were prescribed Approach in the first 5 years f it coming on the market, or how Cognitive Behavior Therapy, now that it has acquired a credible evidence base, is being eagerly hailed as the panacea of our time. I have spent my professional life working as a psychiatrist and psychotherapist and although I have grown to he more cautious about thinking that know what is good for other people, I am not inclined to blame society. The ills of the world are reflected in the ailments of the individual and vice versa, This is the systemic view and one that makes sense to me. However, I do contend that it is symptomatic of a world that values materialism and consumerism that he expression of the soul in anguish is taken so often to be a sign of illness. Nor am I against relief from pain, If break my leg, am grateful to the surgeon for putting it right. But pain is one thing, suffering is another. Suffering is the emotional reaction to loss or the threat of loss whether of ones job, health, possessions, love relationships, not least, ones life and is universal. The Buddha answer to the problem of suffering is found in the four Noble Truths: life entails suffering (duke); the origin of suffering is attachment: the cessation of suffering is attainable; there s a way to end suffering the Eightfold path. However, I was brought up in the Anglican tradition, and while have my reasons for no longer going to church, do subscribe to the view that it is through suffering that we learn, however slowly, to become wiser and to feel more deeply for humanity. I do not invite suffering, but life makes sure I get my share, just as it comes to everybody sooner or later. Neither do I feel that what learn is for my benefit alone. I see all of humankind collectively engaged in this epic task to raise the level of consciousness of our species, so that we may eventually learn to behave in a way rotor of this beautiful planet on which we have been set down. How much of these matters are best addressed psychologically or spiritually is a very personal and individual thing. It is certainly not the therapists job to press his or her own spiritual or religious views on the patient, which would be insensitive at best and abusive at worst. Yet treatments that touch on behavior on the one hand or the vicissitudes of childhood on the other, when the source of malaise, were it to be uncovered, lies in the soul, can be compared with moving the furniture around when the house is falling down! Egan by introducing the subject of impassion and now I have moved on to the soul, the source of compassion. This stands in contrast with love of the more emotive kind that we associate with the ego. Should explain a bit further what the words soul and ego convey to me. I hope that I may shed some light on why love has got split off from therapy, something to be much regretted since unconditional love is the well- spring of healing. I Soul comes from the Old English slow, Which in turn came from 4th century Gothic assails and Old Norse slab. First attested in the 8th century poem Beowulf, the word meant the principle Of life in Man or animals. From the 10th Century slow came to also mean the spirit of someone who has died. The Germanic root probably derives from the Greek psyche, meaning life, spirit, consciousness. By ego, mean the function of mind that is occupied with survival of the self in this dimension of space-time in which we live. The Fall Of Communism In Russia EssayPOP (2001)) Spirituality can be as broad as the essentially human, personal and interpersonal dimension, which integrates and transcends the cultural, religious, psychological, social and emotional aspects of the person or more specifically concerned with soul or spirit. (Spirituality and Psychiatry Special Interest Group www. Speech. AC. UK/spirit) Religion can be contrasted with spirituality as being an organized System Of beliefs, practices, rituals, and symbols designed to facilitate closeness to the sacred or transcendent (God, higher power, or ultimate truth/ reality). o question, but have a vision Of a participative cosmos in Which am in limitless relation to the greater whole, the anima mound, indeed the anima universal. Some biological psychiatrists argue that being overly concerned with such big, imponderable questions is a sign of depression that is better relieved by pharmaceutical or psychological means. Many psychoanalysts, too, ee l that these preoccupations naturally fade into the background when the goals of analysis, finding fulfillment in work, love and recreation, are achieved. However, there is another stratum to the reluctance of psychoanalysis to engage with spirituality. Sigmund Freud held that the terrifying nature of the death drive (later to be called Thanks) required it universally to undergo repression, a formulation that went hand in hand with his lifelong antipathy to religion and spirituality. Its also unfortunate that when Freud did refer to the soul (German: sell) even in its secular rather than sacred meaning, it was reinstated by Strachey as mental apparatus, At any rate, there is a dearth of psychoanalytic literature on the spirituality of life and death. Frank Melons book on Psychoanalysis and the Sacred (2005) and Nathan Fields book Ten Lectures on Psychotherapy and Spirituality (2005) are two examples. More recently, Alistair Ross has coined the term Sacred Psychoanalysis (201 C). Yet to this day, many psychoanalysts steer clear of the spiritual dimension, or feel obliged to interpret it in relation to infantile phantasm. For Carl Jung, however, the soul is an archetype (animus/anima) submersing the greatest of all archetypes, the Self, or Imago Die- Jung asserts, in contrast to Freud, that the death instinct is conscious and accordingly, that as the wheel of life turns, death is to be met not with fear but as a goal. This opens the way quite naturally to situating embodied life within in a greater design, one which, as Jung pointed out, sanctions the evaluation of evidence for the continuation of the psyche beyond time and space. The spiritual focus was given further prominence by Roberto Gasoline, a psychoanalyst deeply influenced by Jung, who founded chemosynthesis more than 50 years ago. Since that time, transnational psychology has led to the emergence of a number of therapies, the trend being towards synthetics with an upsurge of interest in altered states of consciousness and explicit concern with the influence tooth world unseen oaten referred to as Spirit, notably in Spiritualism, Spirits, Shamanism and some of the evangelical Churches. Soul- centered therapies include Spiritual Healing, Spirit Release, Past Life Therapy, Between-Lives Therapy, and Soul Retrieval, These therapies take the practitioner and/or client into realms that are quite extra-ordinary when set against the consensus reality that our modern society assumes to be the bedrock of armorial. I am not going to expand on such approaches here- have provided case illustrations elsewhere (Powell 2009). Most psychiatrists would account for what happens as an elaboration fantasy. However, this is not fantasy as we normally take it to be, for the experience has a striking verisimilitude to it, unexpected narratives unfold and journeys are undertaken that are vivid in every detail. Psychiatry is very nervous Of this kind Of thing because so much of psychiatry depends on definitions of normality that sit comfortably voting the mean distribution curve; altered States Of consciousness get a bad press, or close acquaintance with psychosis leaves most psychiatrists opting to play safe. However, for the curious few there is no bar, since according to quantum mechanics, everything is possible, however improbable. Instead, will look a bit further into how we may work unexceptionally with the big questions, not by embarking on a specific soul-centered therapy, but simply conversing soul-to-soul, Thankfully we dont need to provide the answers, and neither do we need to confide our own spiritual quest. But we do need to join with our patients in taking seriously their enquiry as legitimate, important and to be valued. My approach is to milliamp/, or take one step further, what a patient may begin to say, For instance, if we are talking about suicide, Ill ask if he or she believes it is the absolute end, or not. If, as so often, the answer is Im not sure, Ill say, if there were to be a world beyond, how would you imagine it to be? This is often very fruitful. Fears of judgment can be addressed, and often the longing to make reparation. Particularly important in bereavement is giving encouragement to dialogue with departed loved ones. Once the heart has opened, their presence is often felt to be very real. By guiding the person into conversation, e. G. what do you need to ask/tell so and so, followed by now listen to what he/she needs to say to you, a process that can go back and forth a number of times, important unfinished business can be completed. Often problems that seem insoluble can be approached by asking the soul direct. The mind can tell itself anything, because it can construe in so many ways, which can lead to an impasse. It helps to suggest instead that the person goes Within and views the problem with the love and wisdom of their heart (often a person will touch the chest). What would the heart say if it could speak? Incidentally, this s not to abandon discernment, but to correct an imbalance in which the head has far outrun the heart. Forgiveness is another important issue. It is intrinsic to compassion, because compassion recognizes that we are all flawed, and that we all are destined to learn from our mistakes. The ego may not be able to forgive since it recoils in hurt or bitterness, or goes into attack with outrage and recrimination. Yet it you ask a person, even though they cannot forgive, whether they would wish to be able to forgive, the soul is touched. I have yet to find someone who does not wish tort this, because the soul knows that in forgiveness sees healing, which is the souls greatest desire, (Powell ICC)_ The seed of forgiveness is now planted, though we may not know when it will bear fruit. The key lies in this: that however great the trauma, though the ego may be deeply wounded, the soul, knowing only love, is unharmed. The soul may have been denied expression, but the therapist who is moved by compassion will invariably find it and help it to speak. Indeed, thinking of the souls inestimable value, am reminded of Dietrich Bondholder, who when he was being tortured by the Gestapo, turned to his interrogator and said, You can take everything away room me but my soul. And since, in my understanding, eve dont really have souls, but are souls, there was ultimately nothing the Gestapo could take away. Shortly before he was executed, Bondholder quietly remarked, this is the end for me the beginning of life (Bondholder 1945). In conclusion, my concern has been to help people Who have felt shattered by the travails Of life to be aware of the indestructible core that survives all, and not just survives but loves. It is not a matter Of trying to impress on someone that they should love, forgive, be reconciled the ego will soon put paid to that. But when the soul is touched, the way is open to healing. Psychotherapy for the personality is important; a person will be all the better for knowing more about himself. Yet in conversing with the soul, we experience our true nature, what would call our divinity. Once we are shown what the best in us can be, we have a lifetime to learn how to be more of what it is in us to become. Want to end by returning to the notion that every person has it in them to be physician of the soul, a physician whose therapies is to call the soul to action. Left to the ego, human society will remain forever tribal, rivalries, exploitative ND ignorant of the greatest truth about humanity ? that we can, at our best, love each other as ourselves.