Melting Point Lab OC

The bob]active of the Melting Point Lab was to learn the technique of melting point determination. Also, to discover the identity of an unknown compound from using the mixed melting point method. Introduction: The range of temperatures between the temperature at which the first crystal Just stats to melt and the temperature at which the last crystal disappears Is known as a melting point. There are two many reasons that melting points provided us. The first purpose is to regulate the purity off substance.And the second purpose is to determine the identity off material. Melting points are frequently used to establish f the correct compound has been acquired. When performed correctly, the precision of any melting point should be +ICC when related to the literature values; allowing for variations In the PM due to experimental error. A mixed compound can also be supported. A mixed melting point is one were a compound is mixed with additional substance and the PM determined. If the sample s melt at the same time, resulting that the samples are identical.However, if the samples are not the same, the mixture will melt below the +30 C allowed error range and over a wider range (greater than 30 C). This Is the technique that Is used o determine the unknown compound in this laboratory While performing this lab, there are two principle sources of experimental error in determining melting points. Thermometer error is one, and this is a source of error one cannot control. As a result, this is not usually worried about. Human error is the other error than can happen.Human error Is mostly mechanical error that is direct result of how one does things. An error specific to the Melting Point Lab Is the packing of the capillary tube. If too much solid Is placed In the tube, It will take a very long time to melt, resulting in higher temperatures recorded. Leading one to â€Å"false range†, as a result lead one to the incorrect conclusion about the melting point and purity. T he second source of mechanical error that can be seen in this laboratory is rate heating. If too much heat Is applied, the mercury rises quickly, again giving a false range.Set the Mel-Temp to heat up to a temperature below the melting points of both compounds and to heat up at what ever interval works best for the experiment (60 degrees C) and an interval of 10 degrees a minute was recommended) D. Once the Mel-Temp has reached the temperature you set place the tube containing the vanilla in the middle slot of the machine E. Record the temperature at the first sight of liquid and again when the compound is completely melted F. Repeat the same procedure for the aspirin and the 50:50 mix Ill.Procedure of Part Two A. Obtain an unknown substance (substance B) B. Pack a capillary tube with the unknown substance and place it in the Mel-Temp machine. Following the same procedure as you did with the vanilla, aspirin, and 50:50 mix; recording the temperature at the first appearance of liquid and once the compound has completely melted C. Once the melting point has been found (114 degrees C), refer to the chart provided in the lab manual to see what the possibilities or the unknown compound are (Actinide or Fluorine) D.Choose one of the possible compounds to repeat the experiment with the chosen compound and a 50:50 mix of the known and unknown (Fluorine) E. If the melting point of all three tubes is the same you chose the correct compound, if the melting point was significantly lower it was the other compound that was listed as an option Results and Conclusion: The substance we obtained was Unknown B. After packing a melting point tube with Unknown B, we determined the melting point by placing the capillary tube in the Mel-Temp. Unknown Bi's melting point was 114 C.From the list of possible unknown compounds, we looked at the initial melting point, which was 114 C and choose to mix it with Fluorine, whose melting point was also 114 C. After performing a 50:50 mixture o f the unknown and known compounds, we were able to define that unknown B was Actinide. We were able to establish this because after mixing the unknown and the known, the melting point was lower, 98 C. Since the melting point was lower, we were able to conclude that two compounds were mixed; as a result unknown B was Actinide.

Aspects of love †Romeo and Juliet Essay

Now Juliet’s father has a leading role in Juliet’s â€Å"love life†. In Verona the people were catholic and it was to have arranged marriages. With Juliet as a young teenager, Capulet thought she might have been too young to get married; Capulet- â€Å"My child is yet a stranger in the world; She hath not seen the change of fourteen years, Let two more summers wither in their pride, Ere we may think her ripe to be a bride. † He was telling this to Paris. He was close to the Capulets and he seemed to impress Lady Capulet more then he did Juliet. In the story, Capulet had a few children, with Juliet as the youngest, but all part from Juliet had died through child hood. Death was very common in Elizabethan times, with the plague about and not very good medication, at least 1 in three children would most probably die through their child hood. With Juliet being his only child left, he would have liked her to have a happy life with a decent man and a decent living. He chose Paris to be more then suitable, Capulet-â€Å"And too soon marr’d are those so early made. The earth hath swallow’d all my hopes but she, She is the hopeful lady of my earth: But woo her, gentle Paris, get her heart† But maybe he didn’t want to let her go just as yet. Capulets had a reputation to live up to, and the father wanted to keep it that way. Lady Capulet wasn’t really much of a motherly figure in the story to Juliet. She never seemed to talk to her much, and when she did they were more like commands. Juliet must have been use to this as she would address her politely; Juliet- â€Å"Madam, I am here. What is your will? † Was their any family love such as the hugs, stories and giving motherly advice between Lady Capulet and Juliet? From what it seems Lady Capulet, being the Lady of the house hold is more being busy around else where rather then ever being with her daughter. The nurse played a bigger part in Juliet’s life. She gave advice, and wanted Juliet to be happy, she was not into the ‘keeping the Capulets dignity’, she didn’t seem to be the kind of person to judge but she only told Juliet what she thought would be best for her. They talk of Juliet getting married, but Lady Capulet only asks if she would and not how she feels about the whole situation, alike Lord Capulet she is soon is suggesting of her marrying Paris. Lady Capulet- â€Å"Marry, that ‘marry’ is the very theme I came to talk of. Tell me, daughter Juliet, How stands your disposition to be married? † Juliet- â€Å"It is an honour that I dream not of. † In a respectful way, Juliet has already sorted her way of getting married. She is telling her mother that although she’s honoured to be in such a position in which her family would be proud of, it’s not her ideal way of living with someone for the rest of her life. Maybe she knew what she was looking for in love, that’s if she was looking for love at that time. Paris says he loves Juliet, and wants to marry her. But from what we see, he hardly knows Juliet, not like Romeo. They don’t have the chemistry. Juliet is charmed, and he is very gentlemen like. But what is love to Paris. Paris-This is that banish’d haughty Montague, That murder’d my love’s cousin, with which grief†¦ To Paris, he wants to marry a girl who will have his children and look good, so to speak. Like the Capulets or Montague way of raising a family, not through caring love but through pride and dignity. Paris- â€Å"younger than she are happy mothers made. † Through Juliets aspect of love, before she even meet Romeo, we see that there was no other interest in men, not even when Lady Capulet asked her what she though about marrying Paris. She just replied that she is something she would not dream of. When she met Romeo she instantly clicked with him. She was impressed by the way he spoke to her, and the words he used. No one had probably talked to her in such a way before. Romeo- Romeo’s mother and father aren’t really mentioned much in the play. Lord Capulet says he is confused about his son, that he is withdrawn and he doesn’t really know him. Although he see’s him withdrawn to himself he wants him to â€Å"dedicate his beauty to the sun†, share his thoughts. Lady Capulet seem to care about Romeo as much, Lady Capulet- â€Å"O where is Romeo? Saw you him today? Right glad I am he was not at this fray. † It looks as though his parents are concerned about him very much, they look out for their son, try to know where he is, as they know he is a sensitive and gentle person. It’s very common for parent to be protective over their children in a family. Within the Montague’s, their family is based around such care of each other, and not so much about dignity, even though he was brought up to think about the families pride and dignity. Romeo and his Cousin Benvolio hang about together; he is out most of the time with him and his best friend Mercutio. He talks to both of them about love, with Juliet and with Rosaline. Now with Rosaline, Romeo thought he was in love when in fact he was just infatuated by her class, beauty and plain hard to get. He soon gets over her when he meets Juliet. Romeo and Juliet both fell for each other at the party at the Capulets house party. The first time they spoke, they both talked with holy language, and Juliet (who was quite a religious person) was taken by his flattering words, the first time they spoke. Romeo- â€Å"If I profane with my unworthiest hand This holy shrine, the gentle sin is this, my lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand to smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss. † Juliet- â€Å"Good pilgrim, you do wrong your hand too much, which mannerly devotion shows in this, for saints have hands that pilgrims’ hands do touch, and palm to palm is holy palmers’ kiss. † They only speak like this to each other, Juliet who has never been spoken to like this before is fascinated. By him by the end of the night, she does not want to leave him and he does not want to leave her. She warns him of the dangers he would be in if he got caught but he still risks all that just to see her that one night. At this point their views of love for each other begin. This is where they want to get to know each other, as they have never meet anyone like each other before. They probably felt that no-one has ever understood them before as they did in this one night. Juliet starts to believe in love, and Romeo finds that Rosaline was not true love after all, and these guys wouldn’t want to loose contact after this night. Friar Lawrence finds that these too are meant to be. Being a Friar, it does not refer to him believing in arranged marriages. But he thought that bringing Romeo and Juliet together would solve and bury the conflict between the too rival families, Montagues and Capulets. That they would find to love each other through Romeo and Juliets love for each other. He knew that Romeo and Juliet loved each other deeply so he risked this to solve the family feud as he believed that they wouldn’t part because of there families, because they had stayed together this far.

Decision Analysis Task

Decision Analysis has been established to advance theory, application, and teaching of all aspects of decision-making methods. . When It comes to beginning to make decisions for any business, almost everyone can feel uncertainty and fear. The more Information given, then the most likely the decisions made are the right ones. TLS Includes being able to trade off the values of certain outcomes against Its probability. Data shows the truest form of the Information given. The knowledge changes from data to information, from information to facts, and lastly from facts to knowledge.The entire decision making process is done under uncertainty and immeasurable variables. Values and numbers become much easier for people to use and understand. Once the numbers and circumstances are in place, the true analysis can begin. Using the work cell method, the company can have the following advantages: (1) reduced work in progress inventory, (2) less floor space use, (3) reduced raw material and finish ed goods inventory, (4) reduced labor costs, (5) more employee participation, (6) increased equipment and machinery use, and (7) reduced investment in machinery and equipment.I have chosen this decision analysis tool by imputing the performance times for each task given of A through H and the sequence requirements into an assembly line balancing tool to perform an analysis to determine the proper number of stations and the most efficient workflow possible. The analysis tool calculated that the number of workstations needed was 5. Total station task time needed was 10 minutes and the time needed per cycle was 46 minutes. These calculations gave this process an efficiency of 100. 00%. This decision tool was selected to help achieve a higher efficiency of production and a possible deduction in production floor space. A properly balanced line will increase throughput and lower production costs.Hopefully, by recommending this tool, the company will be able to eliminate significant errors that can result in false assumptions, inaccurate estimations of probabilities, too much relying on expectations, wrong measuring in functions, and/or forecasting errors. B. 1. The impact of costs on the decision to move forward with the new Maim Sandal line is as follows: As the production continues, the hours needed for each batch, or individual pair, will begin to decrease. By continuing to produce this line the total labor costs will continue to decrease, but most likely, at a slower rate as more sandals are produced. This data can help the company decide employment levels, capacity, costs, and their pricing of this particular merchandise in the open market.

Advertising Appeals to Our Imperfect Lives & to Our desire to satisfy Essay

Advertising Appeals to Our Imperfect Lives & to Our desire to satisfy ourselves - Essay Example The belief that people hold, that their decisions cannot be affected by the media and the advertisements, makes media very strong because when a person purchases a product they are convinced that they really need it. However, in most instances, this is not true. The average individual in the American society sees very many adverts per day. These adverts are available in almost all corners of life ranging from home where most part of the television is advertisements to the office where an individual doing research on the Internet is exposed to many more adverts in this media that has become more pronounced in the contemporary world. The ads that are directed towards the female population range from beauty, fashion, and diets. The companies undertaking the advertising usually do enough market research to know which side of the society can be exploited to the advantage of increased sales volume and market share for these businesses. The adverts are projected towards ensuring that the cu stomers would be pleased to the point of thinking that their lives would become perfect if they purchased certain goods. If the media does not find a need to exploit, they can create some to make people think that they need the product being advocated for. Creation of an area to exploit makes people think that they have a problem or even make them doubt themselves. This would definitely prompt people to try the product to see whether the perceived problem would be eliminated. This is during the quest to make lives perfect, which according to people, can be achieved through elimination of the problems that cause the imperfection. The need to create doubts in people is usually the result of intense competition that has been taking place in the modern world between the main players in the business sector. However, during most instances, the ads are designed to exploit the existing needs that people cannot live without. For instance, most magazines intended for the male population have

Origins of the Fortune Cookie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Origins of the Fortune Cookie - Essay Example Increasingly, fortune cookies have been understood as having been introduced by the Japanese, made popular by the Chinese but enjoyed largely by the Americans in the numerous Chinese restaurants in the U.S. all over the world, the cookies are known by their English term â€Å"fortune cookies†.However, there is no consensus on any particular Chinese name for the cookies since the Chinese merely have several literary transitions of the English â€Å"fortune cookie† such as â€Å"good luck lot cookie† or â€Å"fortune words cookie†. Fortune cookies are a major cultural symbol in the American society, inspiring several other products such as fortune-cookie-shaped jewelry and the fortune-cookie-shaped magic 8 ball among others.There are nearly 3 billion fortune cookies manufactured each year, many of which are consumed in the U.S. and the leading manufacturers of the cookies are the Brooklyn-based firm Wonton Food Inc.It is an indubitable fact that America has more Chinese restaurants than McDonald's, Burger King, and Kentucky Fried Chicken outlets, in Lee’s words, which shares insights on the history of Chinese cuisines in the country. In her book, Lee advances the argument that despite popular belief, a vast proportion of what is commonly known as Chinese food is all American and little is known about them back in China.In that respect, it logically follows that common cuisines such as beef with broccoli (an Italian vegetable), egg rolls, General Tso’s chicken, chop suey, and fortune cookies are all American foods.

Organisational Analysis (case study) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Organisational Analysis (case study) - Essay Example With the intense competition, the customers’ alternative sources of supply increase along with the threshold level of acceptable quality in terms of product and service. Therefore, product quality, innovation, delivery reliability and shorter lead times have become prerequisites in business world rather than competitive advantages. Thus, the importance of streamlining internal processes and aligning the organisational structure to act as a combined force becomes a key necessity. Agility in organisational process in responding to market demands can only be achieved through organisational structures, which are well-integrated, less bureaucratic and collectively aligned towards achieving the organisational objectives (Thomson & Strickland 2003). The case study analyses the current issues being faced by Rondell Data Corporation, a well established manufacturer of Data Transmission units and electronic Testing Equipments, with regards to its internal business operations, especially pertaining to the interdepartmental conflicts leading to reduced productivity and profitability resulting from mismatch in its organisational design and structure with the required business process. The analysis will take in to account the current status of the operations with the use of contingency models and identify the problem areas being encountered by Rondell. The insight gained from the analysis will aid in explaining the past background and how the company has developed to its current stage as well as what the future may hold if the organisation proceed without interventions. Lastly the analysis will also provide suggestions and recommendations for intervention and creating change at Rondell Rondell Data Corporation which has been incorporated in 1930 has grows steadily over the decades with a dedicated team of employees who are mainly from engineering background. The company

Business Strategic report of Peets Coffee and Tea Research Paper

Business Strategic report of Peets Coffee and Tea - Research Paper Example Peet’s coffee competes with smaller coffeehouses such as Tully’s and Caribou Coffee. For it to gain an upper hand, Peet’s coffee should differentiate its products from those of its competitors. It can achieve this by selling itself to the consumers as a memorable experience. Moreover, it should focus its coffee business to a single distribution channel, for instance, the grocery. As a result, this would enhance the company brand awareness in those areas. The current recession in the US economy could severely affect Peet business since sales revenue based on luxurious coffee brand depends entirely on consumer confidence.Peet coffee focuses on the production of high-quality coffee products. It is known for its introduction of dark roasted Arabica coffee in the US market. The company has one of the finest group of roasters who are considered to have great mastery in their craft after undergoing three of training. Peet runs its roasting activities in a recently opene d facility in California. The facility was developed in a design that conserved energy and had minimal environmental impact.The company has managed to attract and maintain a large group of loyal consumers who call themselves the â€Å"Peetnicks† although the term as evolved to include consumers that adore quality coffee and tea. Peet coffee has a wide variety of signature blends such as French Roast, Espresso Forte, Fair Trade Blend, and Arabian Mocha-Java. Its stores located in most parts of the country offer 2-hour free wireless internet for its customers.

The Construction Requirements Placed on Commercial Buildings Term Paper

The Construction Requirements Placed on Commercial Buildings - Term Paper Example ral barriers to existing facilities, which must be â€Å"readily accessible† – that is, businesses must determine whether it could fulfill such removals given the project costs. Otherwise, such non-compliance would cause the company to be charged with discrimination against the disabled. Exempted from this rule are private clubs, places of worship and historical landmarks. The APA is a unique piece of legislation in that it is flexible, allowing much leeway for legislators and implementers alike to amend and strengthen the law in accordance with the changes in society that directly affect disabled people. This is also in anticipation of the friction that might occur between advancing the rights of persons with disabilities and furthering the profit-making potential of business entities (ADA Update: A Primer for Small Business 9). Not surprisingly, a number of regulations related to the law have been made and eventually revised through the years. Along with the ADAâ€⠄¢s enactment, the Standards for Accessible Design were published in 1991 which defined the merits and requirements for an accessible facility for the compliance of businesses. Implemented by the Disability Rights Section of the U.S. Department of Justice, the standards were influenced by the ADA Accessibility Guidelines formulated by the Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board (Andrews 19). In 2004, the justice department and the Board thought it necessary to revise and improve the guidelines based on a list of suggestions submitted by the American Institute of Architects ("The Angle: New ADA Standards." AIA.org). On September 15, 2010, the justice department published a new set of standards for accessible design in the Federal Register, in tune with numerous developments that affect the... As observed, the technical specifications included in the 1991 and 2010 ADA Standards are not necessarily strict. While details are provided as to the measurements, placing of amenities and other related factors, there is no explicit mention of any enforcement clause. This implies that small businesses which could not easily afford the requirements of the law may choose to adjust the dimensions depending on the size and floor area of its building, with the help of reliable civil engineers. Business owners must not use this realization as a scapegoat to not fulfilling the provisions in, say, around 10 to 15 years, since it is posited that their commercial endeavors would have progressed by that time.Businesses still find it hard to comply with the law’s provisions. From the interview conducted with the ADA review specialist and the survey of non-compliance issues, it can be deduced that construction and design professionals could not meet at the center in terms of equipment and building material specifications. Businesses, on the other hand, are confronted with the challenge of using the appropriate materials for new constructions and structural alterations that are ADA-compliant, while still being wary of the expense limits. Apparently though, business owners failed to realize the long-term benefits of ADA compliance not just for the benefit of people of disabilities, but also for the convenience it can bring to the employees and even to the general public, given the increasing complication of modern working and living.

Achieving Sustainable Development in Construction Essay

Achieving Sustainable Development in Construction - Essay Example But it must be recognized that in modern world, there is greater emphasis on efficient infrastructure as far as construction and development are the two issues of concerns (HM Government, 2008). Therefore, many stakeholders have postulated that construction industry has a big role to play in ensuring that infrastructures are built in the most innovative way and in the most cost-effective way. On overall, it must be noted that, construction industry has a big impact on the way resources are used and utilized, and it is from this aspect that advocacy has increased in recent times to ensure a sustainable construction industry is designed and developed (Clements-Croome, 2004). The government of UK has in the recent past come out strongly with a message that sustainable development has to take place firmly in the construction industry. As a result, it is clear today that the impact that emerges to the built environment as a result of construction plays a great role in driving or accelerat ing sustainable growth and development (HM Government, 2008). Sustainability and Government Effort Since emergence of sustainable development goals, efforts by different governments and agencies have been directed towards development initiatives, which are undertaken in such a way that, the future generation is not sacrificed with the kind of development initiatives undertaken now. ... reover, the government is keen on promoting environmental conservation, where the aim has been directed at reducing the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission (Department for Business Innovation and Skills, N.d). More importantly, the UK government has made it clear that efforts of all stakeholders should be directed at maintenance of high and stable opportunities of employment, while at the same time, ensuring sustainable economy is promoted (Department for Business Innovation and Skills, N.d). Therefore, the paramount aim or goal here for the government is to promote sustainable development of economic, social, and environmental issues in the most responsible way, and this does not isolate or subtract construction industry (Myers, 2011). Moreover, effort has to be made and identify how the government of UK has played its role in the development of sustainable construction industry in the country (Department for Business Innovation and Skills, N.d). Therefore, some of the government initiati ves that the government has developed include developing Enterprise Strategy and the Innovation White Paper, which the government has collaborated with the industry players to ensure that sustainability in construction industry remain the major driving focus. Construction industry in UK Construction industry in UK continues to realize bountiful output which at the moment is estimated to be about 10 billion pounds (HM Government 2008). At the same time, it accounts for about 8% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and is responsible in creating numerous employment opportunities. It is recognized that both the public and private sector are involved in construction sector, a situation that has seen immense sprouting of commercial buildings, homes and diverse infrastructures. As a result,

Issues Faced by Honda Essay Example for Free

Issues Faced by Honda Essay The 3 issues that are faced by Honda is the conflict between Toyota. Honda is the 1st company developed hybrid not the Toyota but by stubbornly sticking to a bare-bones system, it long a go lost its leadership to its number one Japanese rival. Honda is suffering at the very moment when its two main Japanese rivals are thriving. Toyota is getting a jolt of energy from Aiko Toyoda, scion of the founding family, while the ever-energetic Carlos Ghosn has made Nissan the leader in electric cars. Which perhaps illustrates another part of Honda’s problem is Honda is lack of genius and they need to find more engineers to help them figure out the new model or engine to solve the problem. Second the issue that faced by Honda is supply resources from other country. Honda do needs supplyment resources from other country such as Thailand, Japan and so on. Due to the Japanese earthquake and tsunami and flooding in Thailand, it had made Honda lack of resources to do their accesoory and requirement from engine. This make their enemy company such as Nissan, Toyota, BMW to have a chance to sell more cars compare to Honda. Honda do needs to wait for the supplier to give them the resources hence make the sales from honda drop. Lastly the issue that faced by Honda is Honda lack of funds. They did not go and find other company to help them. Honda has spent months struggling with shortages of most of its products- nortably including the all-new Civic it launched earlier in the year, just before a devastating earthquake and tsunami struck Japan and seriously damaged that nation’s automative infrastructure. It will be very difficult for Honda to make the sales increase.

Admissibility of Confessions

Admissibility of Confessions Discuss a challenge to the admissibility of confessions on the basis of oppression seems to require a high degree of police impropriety thus will rarely be established. Confessions made during questioning are seen as powerful indications of guilt and characteristically lead to conviction; 98% of cases in which suspects confess result either in a guilty plea or a conviction following trial.   As such, legal representatives of suspects who have confessed are unlikely to secure acquittal unless the confession is excluded from the evidence before the court.   Issues of inadmissibility are determined prior to trial in both magistrates’ and Crown courts and must be based on sections 76 or 78 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE). Section 76 of PACE concerns the admissibility of potentially unreliable confession evidence in criminal proceedings and section 76(2) states that confession evidence is inadmissible if it was obtained by oppression or in circumstances that are likely to make it unreliable.   Section 76(8) defines ‘oppression’ as including ‘torture, inhuman or degrading treatment, and the use or threat of violence’. The courts have required high degrees of impropriety by the police before ruling confessions inadmissible due to oppression.   One such case was the Cardiff Three who were convicted of murder on the basis of the confession of one suspect, Stephen Miller, after protracted periods of police questioning described by the Court of Appeal as ‘hostile and intimidating’.   Given the severity of wrongdoing required before the courts will find that oppression induced the confession and moves towards less aggressive questioning techniques by the police, it is difficult to use section 76(2)(a) to exclude a confession. The ground identified in section 76(2)(b) is more fertile for rendering confessions inadmissible as the courts have identified a range of procedural failures that will be regarded as ‘circumstances likely to make a confession unreliable’.   Any breach of the rules concerning the questioning of suspects will form the basis of a challenge to the admissibility of a confession, even genuine confessions of guilt.   As such, procedural failures concerning the location, timing, duration and recording of an interview will potentially render any confession inadmissible under section 76(2)(b) as will failure to caution.   As research suggests that 10% of police interviews are conducted in breach of PACE requirements, close scrutiny of the behaviour of the police may elicit a basis for the exclusion of a confession if mistakes have been made or liberties taken with the procedural rules.   This also includes situations in which the suspect is offered an inducement such as th e promise of bail in return for a confession.   Care must be taken in asserting such a ground as the basis for the exclusion of a confession as research indicates that such inducements are may be difficult to prove and the courts have taken the view that ‘very few confessions are inspired solely by remorse’ so that other motives such as the desire to be released on bail or the hope of a lighter sentence cannot be used to exclude confessions unless there is clear evidence of misconduct on the part of the police despite evidence that suspects may confess for a variety of reasons other than guilt such as desperation to expedite release to obtain drugs if they are addicts or to protect others. Section 78 confers discretion upon the court to exclude any evidence, including confessions, if reliance upon it would lead to unfairness to the suspect.   Given the emphasis on procedural failures in section 76(2)(b), there is inevitably a fair degree of overlap between these two sections as breaches of PACE as the basis for the exclusion of evidence on the basis of unfairness under section 78.   As such, procedural failures give rise to a dual basis for an attack on the admissiblity of confession evidence.   However, section 78 goes beyond procedural rights and deals with broader issues of fairness so provides a basis upon which an unfairly obtained confession could be rendered inadmissible.   For example, a confession made following a deceptive statement by the police that the suspect’s fingerprints had been found at the scene of the crime was excluded on the basis that it was unfairly obtained although confessions made to other prisoners in a bugged cell were not e xcluded although the practice was heavily criticised by the courts. Both magistrates (in magistrates’ courts) and judges (in Crown courts) have the power to exclude confession evidence as inadmissible on the basis of section 76 and 78.   The question of admissibility of evidence will be determined at a separate hearing to ensure that evidentiary matters are resolved prior to the commencement of the trial.   Section 8A of the Magistrates Court Act 1980 empowers a magistrates’ court to rule on the admissibility of any evidence at a pre-trial hearing if both the prosecution and defence have been given an opportunity to make representations on the issue.   At Crown Court, the matter of admissibility will be resolved by a voire dire, a trial within a trial in the absence of the jury, to determine whether the confession can be relied upon as evidence.   Once the issue of inadmissibility has been raised by the defence, the onus is on the prosecution to establish that the grounds of exclusion under section 76 and 78 are not established.    Overall, a challenge to the admissibility of confessions on the basis of oppression seems to require a high degree of police impropriety thus will rarely be established.   The procedural grounds raised by section 76(2)(b) provide a more viable basis for challenge and, since the incorporation into domestic law of the rights guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights, the emphasis on fairness in section 78, which raises the right to a fair trial guaranteed by Article 6, may also be a sound basis upon which to challenge the admissibility of a confession.   However, it is important to remember that the court may be reluctant to exclude confession evidence, particularly if the procedural breach is insignificant in relation to the severity of the offence thus satisfying the statutory requirements is not a guarantee that the confession will be excluded especially in relation to serious crimes such as rape and murder. Case List R v. Bailey [1993] 3 All ER 513 R v. Crampton (1991) 92 Cr App R 369R v. Fulling [1987] 2 All ER 65R v. Mason [1988] 1 WLR 139R v. Paris, Abdullahi and Miller (1992) 97 Cr App R 99R v. Roberts [1997] 1 Cr App R 217 Bibliography Baldwin, J., ‘Police Interview Techniques: Establishing Truth or Proof?’ (1993) British Journal of Criminology 325 Clarke, C. and Milne, R., (2001) National Evaluation of the PEACE Investigative Interviewing Course, London: Home Office Davies, M., (2005) An Introduction to the Criminal Justice System in England and Wales, Harlow: Longman Publishing Dennis, I., (2002) The Law of Evidence, London: Sweet Maxwell Hunter, M., ‘Judicial Discretion: Section 78 in Practice’ [1994] Criminal Law Review 558 Maguire, M., Morgan, R. and Reiner, R., (2002) Oxford Handbook of Criminology, 3rd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press May, R., ‘Fair Play at Trial: an Interim Assessment of Section 78 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984’ [1988] Criminal Law Review 723 McConville, M., (1993) Corroboration and Confessions: the Impact of a Rule Requiring that No Conviction Can Be Sustained on the Basis of Confession Evidence Alone, London: The Stationery Office Sprack, J., (2004) A Practical Approach to Criminal Procedure, 10th ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press

The Use Of Leadership And Motivation In Management Tourism Essay

The Use Of Leadership And Motivation In Management Tourism Essay This report is basically based on the study of the use of Leadership and Motivation in Management within a culturally diverse business Environment with special consideration to the selected case study is NOVOTEL Hotels in UK. As hospitality industry it self engaging with different people in different culture it should clearly understand how to manage this diversity in hospitality industry. It can be manage in different ways. From these paths employee motivation and the leadership is an effective approach which is needed to be studied. In this study first consideration was given to clearly identify the literature background of the three concepts as leadership, motivation and cultural diversity through the study of theories, concepts b y reviewing articles, journals, web articles, books and so on. Then after that the consideration was given to the case study including identify the organization and its situation and how the organization manages the cultural diversity by using the leadership and the motivation. Then based on the case study, analysis and findings were identified. As an overall this study is focused on studying the importance of cultural diversity as an instrument for improved organizational development without considering it as an administrative dilemma and it can be the path to expand competitive periphery and success, if it successfully handled. About the Organization Novotel is one of the hotel brands of the Accor group which operates in mid scale headquartered in France. Novotel is Europes largest hotel chain and one of 12 internationally-renowned hotel brands owned by Accor, the French hotel group. Currently they are having 400 hotels and resorts in 60 countries, situated in the centre of major international cities from business districts to tourist destinations. Form those hotels there are 266 hotels in 23 countries within Europe. So here the special consideration was given to NOVOTEL hotels in United Kingdom. The ground level study was done in NOVOTEL London West. Literature Review The literature review of this study was mainly focused on three main areas. i.e Leadership, Employee Motivation and cultural diversity. Leadership Leadership means the ability and willingness to lead and motivate a group of people. It includes improving team performance and effectiveness as well as articulating vision for business improvement. Leaders should play three important roles in the organization namely interpersonal roles, informational roles and decisional roles. These roles require a number of skills such as developing peer relationships, carrying out negotiations, motivating subordinates, resolving conflicts, establishing information networks, making decisions with little information and allocating resources. There are two distinctly different types of leaders one who works with and through others, such as those who head organizations, associations and the like, whilst the others are path leaders/visionaries such as heads of state, military commanders etc. Among the many definitions of leadership, two can be considered the best (a) the ability to get extraordinary performance from ordinary people, and (b) the ability to get follower. Basically the styles of leadership can be identified as follows: 1. Autocratic style 2. Democratic style 3. Free Rein 4. Charismatic 5. Situational Source: Study Material. [1997]. Organizational Behaviour. Indian Institute of Management and Technology, Chennai Autocratic Style It may be called as authoritative or directive style too. In this style of leadership the leader centralized the power and decision making in him and exercise complete control over the subordinates. He sets the group goals and structures and procedures for work. Through the autocratic style of control, the group decision is relegated in a tight situation and evolves quick decision making process. Most often this type of leadership develops dissatisfaction among members. But speed and efficiency are required when working in a group, the autocratic style of leadership yield good results. Democratic Style This is a contrast style of leadership compared to autocratic leadership. Person opting for this style is like a theory Y leader which invites decision sharing. Here the authority is decentralized. The decisions are arrived after consultation with the members. He is a participative type of leader, attaches more importance to people and work. This style of leadership improves the morale and satisfaction of employees. It also avoids conflicts in the group process. The democratic style sometimes creates lethargy and laziness among members and develops spirit of non-corporative often. Free Rein It is a complete delegation of authority to the subordinates, so that they must plan, motivate and control and otherwise be responsible for their own action. The free rein style leader avoids power and relinquishes the leadership position. More specifically the leader may lack self confidence, fear or failure etc. The main problem in this particular style of leadership is that it tends to permit various units of an organization to proceed. When working in a group if they work as a team, if the team itself very effective then this free rein style may successful, as they can work without any kind of interference. Charismatic This type of management is more dominant and perhaps an aggregate of other management styles. This style generates strong enthusiasm and might have as its objectives. The development of a common vision valued shared by organizational members. The discovery or creation of value related opportunities and activities within the framework of the mission and goals of the organization and the emergence in members of strength and greater control of their own destinies, both individually and collectively. Situational This management style which changes their style depending on the person or the group they are working with and on the situation. Situational style is important because people and tasks have to be handled differently, depending on the situation and their level of development. There are many key attributes of good leadership such as being innovative, entrepreneurial and visionary. Leaders need to be courageous, bold and willing to decisive. Among other attributes is the ability to think strategically, identify the big picture and have fall back plans. Some of the most important or key attributes of the leader are to inspire and motivate, be committed and encourage those around with empowerment. Good clear communications, verbally and by body language are inherent qualities of good leadership. Effective leader must explain clearly what they want, what they wish to achieve and how. The ability to make ones people feel important and feel that what they do have great value are great virtues of good leadership. Strong, positive leadership cannot be achieved without good teams. A good leader must have the ability to pick the right people and providing coaching/training and ensure that they carryout tasks that they can do best. If we consider about the leadership in hospitality industry with relation with this particular study, the need for high-quality leaders in the hospitality industry has been willingly recognised and is seen as significant to the long-term safety of the industry. In recent years, the industry has undergone something of a sea change in its gender composition, with increasing numbers of females graduating from hospitality and tourism administration courses. This proposes that the gender composition of managerial position is possible to modify in the medium term, with simultaneous changes in the typical leadership style valued in the industry. Motivation Motivation is an inner drive to behave or act in a certain manner. These inner conditions such as wishes, desires, goals, activate to move in a particular direction in behaviour. It means it is an inner state of mind, which channels or directs behaviour towards the achievement of pre-determined goals. So this part is basically considering about this of study. If we take hierarchy of needs theory by Abram Maslow, he suggested that needs exists at a number of different levels, from basic physiological needs as hunger, and then safety needs like shelter, after word social needs like love and affectionate and then esteem needs like recognition and finally self esteem like power. When achieving basic needs of employee which is the physiological needs, the effect of rewards are less because in this stage salary is the most important thing for physiological and safety needs. But when it comes to the esteem and social needs the effect of rewards and recognitions are high. Reward can be a award which gives at a stage, or it can be a tea with CEO or it can be a 1000 $ cheque for an employee which gives for and achievement. But again when it comes to the self actualization stage the need people need more power as he has already accomplished the other stages of needs in Maslow theory. And again if we take another motivational theory which is the two factor theory by Fredrick Herzberg, he took the view at two levels, physical level and psychological level. Accordingly satisfiers are called as motivators and dissatisfies are called as hygiene factors. Accordingly motivational factors of an employee in an organization can be identified as achievement, recognition, responsibility, personal growth and for some employees work itself a motivator. And at the same time Hygiene factors can be identified as working conditions, company policies administration, salary, other benefits job security, interpersonal relationships, and quality of supervision. Another theory of motivation is the expectancy theory which says that an employee will be motivated to exert to high level of effort when he or she believes that effort will lead to a good performance appraisal; that a appraisal lead to organizational rewards such as bonus, salary increase or a promotion; and that the reward will satisfy the employees personal goals. There are many benefits that an organization can achieve through the employee motivation. Following are some of the factors that we can commonly identify. Motivation ensures better utilization of resources and reduces wastage. Motivation will bridge the gap between capacity to work and the willingness to work Reduces problems like labour turnover, absenteeism, indiscipline grievances Improves productivity Improves cooperation and team spirit Improves knowledge and skills among employees Acceptance of organizational change Reduces conflicts and misunderstanding between the employer and the employees Cultural Diversity What is Cultural Diversity? We cannot find a universal definition on cultural diversity, but according to the charted management institute definition in 2008suggests the cultural diversity means valuing the differences between people and the ways in which those differences can contribute to a richer, more creative and more productive environment. It doesnt means only the race which the contemporary world identifies, but also the diversity can be identify as race, age, gender, sexual orientation, disability and religious/belief. Grà ¶schl and Doherty (1999) mentioned that the basic concept of managing diversity accepts that the labour force consists of diverse inhabitants of people. One of the key aspects of cultural diversity is that paying concentration to varied dynamics is not just an ethical responsibility, its a business imperative. In an organization the need of dealing with a diverse workforce will be needed the diversity competence. From these competencies effective cross communication is the most important factor when dealing with the cultural diversity. The qualities needed for effective cross-communication can be identified as follows. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The capacity to accept the relativity of others own knowledge and perceptions à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The capacity to be non-judgemental à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ A tolerance for uncertainty à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The capacity to appreciate and communicate respect for other peoples ways, backgrounds, values and beliefs à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The capacity to reveal understanding à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The capacity to be flexible à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ A willingness to attain new patterns of behaviour and belief à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The humbleness to recognize what one does not know Apart from the above competencies organizations should be educated through the cultural diversity awareness education and training. It will lead to counteract of the beliefs of employees and they will feel that they are benefiting from having a diverse workforce may help incorporation in the place of work. Modern world has recognized that the cultural diversity within an organization is not a negative aspect. This diversity may be in the organizational staff or it may be the customers. However managing this diversity is not a easy task. As above mentioned this diversity more or less can be managed by the use of effective communication. From the literatures we can find three ways to manage cultural diversity as follows. Communicating constructing responsiveness amongst every employees on diverse ethics of peers from first to last communication Cultivating facilitating acknowledgement, maintain and support of every member of staff victory by every other workforce Capitalizing linking diversity to every business procedure and plan such as series planning, reengineering, employee enlargement, performance management and review, and reward systems Many organizations use different methods to manage the diversity. As an example Tabra Incorporation, a miniature producer of costume jewellery and trimmings in California consisted of self-effacing workforce. Mainly this workforce was comprised with immigrants from many third world countries like Laos, Mexico, India, Vietnam, Tibet, Cambodia, and so on. So the method that used by the organization to give the recognition for the importance of their cultural association, is that as slightest 10 to 12 diverse flags for all time hanged up from the ceiling of their major production service which symbolizes the nations of derivation of the workforce. The proprietor of the organization view it as I would love for this to be a miniature United Nations where everyone attainment next to and welcoming each others customs as an alternative of just endure it. Some of the authors say that the cultural diversity is a benefit fir organizational success, if it can be managed successfully. According to Cox and Balke (1991) main benefits of multi-culturalism that can use for organizational success as; Achieve cost effective competitive edge through the effective management of multi culture companies Helps to promote minority friendly reputation among potential employees Ability to attract better customers which has a variety of cultural backgrounds Various collection of workforce are apparent to be more imaginative and competent in crisis resolving as contrasted to homogenous cluster Capability to supervise cultural variety enlarges flexibility and suppleness of an organization to ecological transformations Several managerial paradigms can be identified as follows; e.g. Hotel Nikko in Sydney Australia has exclusive border that employees of the staff in straight visitor contact areas which differentiation in converse with thirty four diverse languages. Similarly Qantas Flight food preparation has 66 ethnic groups on staff, by means of a variety of overseas-born cooks. So enthusiastic varied cultural kitchens provide Qantas a enormous competitive advantage by offering food foundations on clients cultural taste and needs. Case Study: NOVOTEL Hotel Here the selected organization for the study is NOVOTEL hotels. Novotel is one of the hotel brands of the Accor group which operates in mid scale headquartered in France. Currently they have 400 hotels and resorts in 60 countries, situated in the centre of major international cities from business districts to tourist destinations. Form those hotels there are 266 hotels in 23 countries within Europe. As of 2009, there are 395 Novotel hotels in 60 countries with 71 872 rooms and employs over 30,000 employees: Europe : 266 hotels in 23 countries Asia : 51 hotels in 11 countries Pacific : 34 hotels in 5 countries North America : 7 hotels in 2 countries South America : 19 hotels in 6 countries Africa : 13 hotels in 10 countries Middle East : 5 hotels in 3 countries Novotel is Europes largest hotel chain and one of 12 internationally-renowned hotel brands owned by Accor, the French hotel group. In a bid to create a more distinctive offering to customers, Novotel is actively opening new generation hotels. These provide the similar levels of service as standard Novotels but characteristic a stylish and modern design. Four of new hotels Novotel London City South, Novotel London Greenwich, Novotel Edinburgh Centre and Novotel London ExCeL have used a drama-based approach as part of customer service training prior to opening. Novotel hotels are involved in the worldwide environmental and societal certification programme Green Globe. Under this programme 124 hotels are committed and 50 hotels are certified as of 31 December 2009. As an leader within the hotel business, Novotels approach has anticipated its clients prospect of environmental matters and corporate social responsibility. In 2007, within the scope of Accors Earth Guest In 2007, within the scope of Accors Earth Guest programme of sustainable development, Novotel dedicated to an international programme of environmental and social certification: Green Globe. This guarantee was selected for its autonomy and focus on the challenges of global tourism. The key aim of this section is to discover the practical data available on the study. Basically in this study the secondary data will be highly required from NOVOTEL hotels group. The annual reports, monthly reports, reports done by several departments of the organization, previous researches on NOVOTEL hotels group will be the highly important literature in this survey. Apart from that study, reports, Theories, abstracts etc will also be required in this study, this will be required to identify and define the employee motivation strategies to compare with the leadership done by the NOVOTEL hotels. Study what are the approaches that they are using will be discussed under the analysis and findings. Before doing the analysis and findings the consideration was given to develop PEST analysis on the organization in order to identify the macro environment of the organization. And it will help to make a better analysis through this comprehensive understanding. Political Factors Stable Political environment of U.K. Growing awareness of the environmental consideration, U.K Government is planning actions to ensure aviation reflects its environmental impacts. Tax on aviation fuel and VAT on air tickets. Governments taxation policies and decision about the increasing the petrol prices have affected the buying power of the individuals in U.K. Economic Factors U.K economy is benefiting form gradual low inflation rate. In U.K, unemployment is low. According to labour market statistics in Average percentage is 4.8 per cent. When unemployment is low, Job confidence is high and it will lead to the confidence spending by consumer is also high. The UKs shortage on trade in goods and services stood at  £3.2 billion -compared with the revised deficit for January of  £4.4 billion. Exchange rates are favourable for UK residents for travelling abroad due to strong position of British Pound against the other foreign currencies. Euro used as a single currency in many European countries, is also stable against the other foreign currencies. The drawback is that disparities between the wealthier parts of the country, not all in the south east of England, and pockets of deficiency, will get wider, with implications for travel demand. These are likely to influence the growth of the UK resident travel market. Social Factors A great trend has been seen in U.K population about diet and health issues in the recent years. This trend leads towards the need of more fitness clubs and organic food for the people from U.K Changes in the structure of the population because of the immigrants from Europe, Asia and Africa etc. This will directly effect for food habits and focus is needed from hospitality industry Continued concerns over safety and security while travelling are found in the U.K residents. Lifestyle changes have also been affecting the U.K travel market for a number of years. Delaying the start of the family and an increase in the number of households consisting of couples with two revenues are the main trends of the changing life style. Changing fashions also have an affect on the market, but those are difficult to predict. Technological Factors The rapid development of technology is affecting the businesses in UK and all over the world. Changes in the technology will effect to change the way businesses operate i.e. Internet booking for tickets and holidays. Faster changing development in technology creates a need to react quickly for different businesses in order they want to maintain the competitive environment by providing the same innovative services such as meditation in hospitality industry, which their competitors are offering. Analysis Findings This section of the study is mainly focusing on the subject area that The use of Leadership and Motivation in Management within a culturally diverse business Environment in NOVOTEL hotels. Accordingly analysis was done by analysing how the leadership and motivation concepts have been used in NOVOTEL hotels in UK within a culturally diverse business Environment. Organization offers Leadership Training NOVOTEL hotel groups offer leadership training programmes for the staff. Providing leadership for the staff will lead for positive result as they learn hoe to achieve goals and objectives as they will implement the knowledge for the working environment. Leaders accept accountability and responsibility. Put them in a position where they can show this. Let them achieve strategic objectives. When we consider the leadership of the NOVOTEL hotel groups we can identify following characters. 1. Leaders come in different flavours. There are different types of leaders and you will probably encounter more than one type. Both formal and informal leaders practice a mixture of leadership styles. 2. Leadership is a process of becoming. Knowledge on leadership theories and skills may be formally gained by enrolling in leadership seminars, workshops, and conferences by the staff. Daily interactions with people provide the prospect to observe and practice leadership theories. Together, formal and informal learning will help to gain leadership approaches, gain leadership handy. 3. Leadership is shared. Leadership in NOVOTEL is not the individual responsibility of one person, but rather a shared responsibility amongst members of an emerging team. A leader belongs to a group. Each member has responsibilities to fulfil. Official leadership positions are merely additional responsibilities apart from their responsibilities as members of the team. Effective leadership requires members to achieve their shared tasks. Starting as a group of individuals, members and leaders work in the direction of the formation of a successful team. In this light, social interaction plays a major role in leadership. 4. Leadership styles depend on the situation. Leadership is not depending on only one style as we studied at the literature review. It will depend on the situation it means mostly situational leadership is there where the management style which changes their style depending on the person or the group they are working with and on the situation. Two types of Leaders There are arguments that Leadership exposed and cherished in the hospitality industry, that there were two types of leaders: those in the hotel business and those in the business of hotels. Mostly leaders in the hotel industry focus on the needs of employees and the provision of a high-quality service to guests. These leaders are also identified as charismatic. In comparison, leaders in the business of hotels such as leaders of hotel real-estate savings trusts were found to possess exceptional financial skills. However in the case study main identification was done that to win in the hospitality industry the main need is for combine strong interpersonal skills with sound business knowledge and hotel functioning skills-in effect, arguing that a mix of transactional and transformational leadership skills are needed to succeed in the hospitality field. Cultural Difference As NOVOTEL hotels are medium scale hotel group they are dealing with many types of culturally diversified customers. These cultural differences may presence in different attributes such as language, dress and traditions, there are also significant variations in the way societies organize themselves, in their shared conception of morality, and in the ways they interact with their environment and so on. Cultural diversity is complicated to enumerate, but a good suggestion is consideration to be calculate of the number of languages spoken in a region or in the world as a whole. Managing Cultural Diversity They provide training to ensuring the managing of cultural diversity. Practitioners need to remove barriers to the successful incorporation of international staff into the workplace and society even as benefiting all staff, their organisations and the Irish tourism product. Training programmes could focus on training goals, which are realistic and job-specific. Training goals including growing employee collaboration among culturally diverse employees and improving cross-cultural skills are a part of the training goals to encourage employee participation and eventually help in making possible the gratitude of cultural disparities. Training programmes includes. Orientation programmes are developed for recently-arrived international workers and it includes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Opportunities for career development; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ English language à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Skills training manuals could be developed into different languages, for example, French, German, Spanish, Irish, Polish and Russian; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Ensure that service superiority programmes are translate into several languages and distributed among all employees; and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ develop and pilot an introductory Welcome Workshop open to all international Prior to opening three flagship hotels, Novotel conducted an exhaustive two-day training programme for front-of-house staff, featuring an interactive workshop on customer service. Delivered by Steps Drama, the intensive course brought to life issues around dealing with customers, handling complaints and the importance of professional behaviour and appearance. This will lead people to adopt to the new environment. Employee Motivation As any other organization motivation is a key factor that influences the daily operations of the hotel industry. It is the key issue which pressures an employee to go over and beyond the call of duty. NOVOTEL hotel group believe that employee motivation plays an integral role in their success. Accordingly organization offers number of benefits to the hotel staff which can be identified as motivational factor. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Uniforms: provided and maintained on the premises. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ One meal a day in employee dining room at no cost. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Health, dental and life insurance. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Employees of the month/year Manager of the quarter/year. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Paid time off program used for sick pay, day off, vacation. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Departmental incentives for safety/revenue generation/expense savings. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Higher pay than the other hotels: Salary increases will occur on a schedule for Union employees, or annually for non- union employees. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Promote within the staff whenever possible. However, this can be frustrating because often employees assume they are entitled to promotion based on seniority. Sometimes attendance/performance issues preclude allowing transfers or promotions. Sometimes lack of required experience interferes. NOVOTEL Hotel trains many individuals in their jobs, even if they have had no experience; assured jobs require a certain level of proficiency that must be developed into. Conclusion As hospitality industry it self engaging with different people in different culture it should clearly understand how to manage this diversity in hospitality industry. It can be manage in different ways. From these paths employee motivation and the leadership is an effective approach which is needed to be studied. In an organization the need of dealing with a diverse workforce will be needed the diversity competence. From these competence factors two factors are studied in this study as leadership and motivation through the case study of NOVOTEL hotel groups. Leadership in NOVOTEL is not the individual responsibility of one person, but rather a shared responsibility amongst members of an emerging team. A leader belongs to a group. Each member has responsibilities to fulfil. Prior to opening three flagship hotels, Novotel conducted an exhaustive two-day training programme for front-of-house staff, featuring an interactive workshop on customer service. Hotel group believe that employee motivation plays an integral role in their success. Accordingly they offer many benefits such as Uniforms which suites with the cultural diversity and also the hotel identity: provided and maintained on the premises, one meal a day in employee dining room at no cost, Health, dental and life insurance So as an overall view of the study it can be proposed that it is very important to realize that cultural diversity as an instrument for improved organizational development without considering it as an administrative dilemma and it can be the path to expand competitive periphery and success, if it successfully handled.

Good Writing :: essays papers

Good Writing What is good writing and who writes well? In my college essay writing class we have looked at three famous writers from different ages who are considered to be good writers—Seneca the Younger (3-65 A.D.), Plutarch (46-120 A.D.), and Michael de Montaigne (1533-1592 A.D.). Although they are from different times and places, these writers mastered the art of good writing. Albeit they wrote about different things, there are three aspects of their writings that they all have in common--they write about a topic that will catch the interest of the reader, they write clearly, and they are concise. Writing about something that interests your reader is a very important attribute for a writer. In Seneca’s On Noise he wrote about something that everyone can relate to, that is noise. Everyone has dealt with noise that has distracted and annoyed them, so by writing about it Seneca piques the interest of the reader because they want to see how he deals with and what he has to say about the problem. Plutarch’s Consolation to His Wife is of interest to readers because of the intimacy involved between a husband and wife even when dealing with the subject of the death of a child. There is something voyeuristic by nature in human beings, so this story captures one’s interest. Montaigne’s Of a Monstrous Child interests the reader because of the bizarre deformity of the child. Like the interest in what everyone has in common and voyeurism, people are also curious and interested in oddities. To be a well-written piece, a writing must also be clearly and understandably written. Seneca, Plutarch, and Montaigne all write with very good grammar, using common words and thoughts to express themselves. In their works these three writers are able to get their points across in a very easy to read fashion. Anyone who has had to try to stumble through a poorly written piece appreciates a work that is clearly written in an understandable manner. An other â€Å"must† for a writer to be considered a good writer is that his or her work be concise. Writings that seem to ramble on endlessly are a bore and torturous to read. Our three writers make good use of the virtue brevity. Seneca wrote what noise he encountered, how he dealt with it, how he thought it should be dealt with, what he was going to do about it, and then ended.

One Life To Give Essay example -- Legal Court Essays

One Life To Give On December 9, 1981, a white Philadelphia police officer was fatally shot. On July 3, 1982, Mumia Abu-Jamal, a black man, was convicted of his murder and sentenced to death. On May 22, 1996, he received a second trial and was again convicted of the same charge. He is sentenced to die on December 2. The hours grow short until this man, who has promoted through his writings and speeches an image of himself as falsely accused, is ushered into the record books as one more name dealt justice by the American people. But who constitutes the American people? Is it a judge in a courtroom, or the thousands of people who have protested Abu-Jamal's death as the death of an innocent, an intellectual, and above all, a black man in a white man's system? The validity of the conviction has been widely questioned in the press. Stuart Taylor Jr., who covered the case for Court TV, states that Abu-Jamal "received an unfair trial, tainted by . . . flagrantly biased judging and, in all probability, police fabrication of evidence and intimidation of witnesses." However, more interesting and more important than the legal aspects of the trials is the emotional aspect, the outpouring of support for Abu-Jamal. Bill Bickel, after having recently made an extensive survey of the opinions voiced about the case, found literally hundreds of websites protesting the death sentence and only one website supporting it-created by the police officer's family. It has been pure gravy for Mumia, a wealth of public indignation for, as the organization Refuse & Resist dubs him, "an unrepentant Black political prisoner who is the voice of the voiceless." This near canonization of the man goes beyond anything which can be attributed to charisma or ... ...it can potentially undermine the only means we have to attempt to effect equal justice. The protest signs of angry crowds call for "Justice for Mumia," and in effect justice for all black people. But how can we achieve this if the very means of justice are dismantled to save one man? Works Cited Bickel, Bill. "Mumia Abu-Jamal and the Murder of Daniel Faulkner: Using the Internet to Search for the Truth." 16 Nov. 1999 <<http://crime.about.com/culture/crime/library/weekly/aa070698.html>> Davis, Angela Y, June Jordan, and Alice Walker. "The Life of a Black Man." The Nation. 15 Nov. 1999 <<http//www.thenation.com/>> Refuse and Resist. Home page. 16 Nov. 1999. <<http://mojo.calyx.net/~refuse/mumia/index.html>> Taylor Jr., Stuart. "Jamal's Last Stand." Court TV Casefiles. 11 June 1996 <<www.courttv.com/casefiles/mumia/analysis.html>> One Life To Give Essay example -- Legal Court Essays One Life To Give On December 9, 1981, a white Philadelphia police officer was fatally shot. On July 3, 1982, Mumia Abu-Jamal, a black man, was convicted of his murder and sentenced to death. On May 22, 1996, he received a second trial and was again convicted of the same charge. He is sentenced to die on December 2. The hours grow short until this man, who has promoted through his writings and speeches an image of himself as falsely accused, is ushered into the record books as one more name dealt justice by the American people. But who constitutes the American people? Is it a judge in a courtroom, or the thousands of people who have protested Abu-Jamal's death as the death of an innocent, an intellectual, and above all, a black man in a white man's system? The validity of the conviction has been widely questioned in the press. Stuart Taylor Jr., who covered the case for Court TV, states that Abu-Jamal "received an unfair trial, tainted by . . . flagrantly biased judging and, in all probability, police fabrication of evidence and intimidation of witnesses." However, more interesting and more important than the legal aspects of the trials is the emotional aspect, the outpouring of support for Abu-Jamal. Bill Bickel, after having recently made an extensive survey of the opinions voiced about the case, found literally hundreds of websites protesting the death sentence and only one website supporting it-created by the police officer's family. It has been pure gravy for Mumia, a wealth of public indignation for, as the organization Refuse & Resist dubs him, "an unrepentant Black political prisoner who is the voice of the voiceless." This near canonization of the man goes beyond anything which can be attributed to charisma or ... ...it can potentially undermine the only means we have to attempt to effect equal justice. The protest signs of angry crowds call for "Justice for Mumia," and in effect justice for all black people. But how can we achieve this if the very means of justice are dismantled to save one man? Works Cited Bickel, Bill. "Mumia Abu-Jamal and the Murder of Daniel Faulkner: Using the Internet to Search for the Truth." 16 Nov. 1999 <<http://crime.about.com/culture/crime/library/weekly/aa070698.html>> Davis, Angela Y, June Jordan, and Alice Walker. "The Life of a Black Man." The Nation. 15 Nov. 1999 <<http//www.thenation.com/>> Refuse and Resist. Home page. 16 Nov. 1999. <<http://mojo.calyx.net/~refuse/mumia/index.html>> Taylor Jr., Stuart. "Jamal's Last Stand." Court TV Casefiles. 11 June 1996 <<www.courttv.com/casefiles/mumia/analysis.html>>

Alligator Cracking

ALLIGATOR CRACKING AN INTRODUCTION :- Crocodile cracking, also called fatigue cracking or alligator cracking, is a common type of distress in asphalt pavement. Crocodile cracking is characterized by interconnecting or interlaced cracking in the asphalt layer resembling the hide of a crocodile. Cell sizes can vary in size up to 300 millimetres (12  in) across, but are typically less than 150 millimetres (5. 9  in) across. Crocodile cracking is generally a loading failure, but numerous factors can contribute to it. It is often a sign of sub-base failure, poor drainage, or repeated over-loadings.It is important to prevent crocodile cracking, and repair as soon as possible, as advanced cases can be very costly to repair and can lead to formation of potholes or premature pavement failure. CAUSES OF ALLIGATOR CRACKING :- * Crocodile cracking is an asphalt pavement distress most often instigated by failure of the surface due to traffic loading. * Crocodile cracking can be greatly influe nced by environmental and other effects while traffic loading remains the direct cause. Frequently, overloading happens because the base or subbase inadequately support the surface layer and subsequently cannot handle loads that it would normally endure. Poor drainage in the road bed is a frequent cause of this degradation of the base or subgrade. A heavy spring thaw, similarly to poor drainage, can weaken the base course, leading to crocodile cracking. * Stripping or raveling is another possible cause of crocodile cracking. Stripping occurs when poor adhesion between asphalt and aggregate allows the aggregate at the surface to dislodge. If left uncorrected, this reduces the thickness of the pavement, reducing the affected portion's ability to carry its designed loading.This can cause crocodile cracking to develop rapidly, as overloading will happen with loads of less magnitude or frequency. CAUSES OF ALLIGATOR CRACKING :- Failure of surface due to loading Stripping of bitumen due t o poor adhesion of bitumen ; asphalt Environmental conditions :- (a) Due to excessive rain b) hot weather (c) frost action CHARACTERISTICS or IDENTIFICATION :- * Crocodile cracking manifests itself initially as longitudinal cracking (cracks along the direction of the flow of traffic) in the top layer of the asphalt. * These cracks are initially thin and sparsely distributed. If further deterioration is allowed, these longitudinal cracks are connected by transverse cracks to form sharp sided, prismatic pieces. * This interlaced cracking pattern resembles the scales on the back of a crocodile or alligator, hence the name, alligator cracking. * More severe cases involve pumping of fines, spalling, and loose pieces of pavement. * The most severe cases of crocodile cracking often occur with other pavement distresses, but are exemplified by: potholes, large cracks(3/8†³ or larger), and severely spalled edges. MEASUREMENT & QUANTIFICATION :-There are many different ways to measure cro codile cracking, but in general a pavement distress manual or index will be used. For example, the Pavement Condition Index is widely used to quantify the overall level of distress and condition of a section of road. Measurement of crocodile cracking specifically(and pavement distress in general) is necessary to determine the overall condition of a road, and for determination of a time-line for rehabilitation and/or repair. There are many other rating systems, and many rating systems currently in use are based on the AASHO Road Test.There are two important criteria to take into effect when measuring crocodile cracking. The first is the extent of the cracking. This is the amount of road surface area which is affected by this pavement distress. The second criterion is the severity of the cracking. Severity, which has been discussed above, refers to how far the cracking has progressed, and is often directly a function of crack width. Severity may be rated numerically, or given a rating from â€Å"low† to â€Å"severe†. The rating may be entered into a pavement management system, which will suggest a priority and method for the repair.Systems have been developed that detect crocodile and other types of pavement distress automatically. They measure the severity and frequency of alligator cracking on the road-path. One such machine is the road surface profilometer, which is mounted on a vehicle and measures the profile of the road surface while it is moving down the roadway. PREVENTION & REPAIR :- Preventing crocodile cracking can be as simple as preventing the common causes. Reducing overloading on an asphalt pavement or improving drainage can prevent crocodile cracking in many cases.However, often the specific cause is fairly difficult to determine, and prevention becomes difficult correspondingly. A good strategy to prevent overloading, which is a main cause of crocodile cracking, is to increase the depth of the asphalt layer. According to certain r esearchers, pavements of a minimum strength or thickness can hypothetically handle infinitely many loads without showing structural defects, including crocodile (fatigue) cracking. These pavements are called perpetual pavements. When repairing pavement affected by crocodile cracking, the main cause of the distress should be determined.Any investigation should involve digging a pit or coring the pavement and subbase to determine the pavement's structural makeup as well as determining whether or not subsurface moisture is a contributing factor. The repair needed also differs based on the severity and extent of the cracking. In the early stages, sealing cracks with crack sealant limits further deterioration of the subgrade due to moisture penetration. Small areas may be repaired by removal of the affected area, and replacement with new base and asphalt surface.Once the damage has progressed, a structural asphalt overlay or complete reconstruction may be necessary. CONCLUSION When repai ring pavement affected by crocodile cracking, the main cause of the distress should be determined. However, often the specific cause is fairly difficult to determine, and prevention is therefore correspondingly difficult. Any investigation should involve digging a pit or coring the pavement and sub base to determine the pavement's structural makeup as well as determining whether the moisture is a contributing factor.Small areas may be repaired by removal of the affected area, and replacement with new base and asphalt surface. Once the damage has progressed or the affected area is large and extensive, a structural asphalt overlay or complete reconstruction is necessary to ensure structural integrity. If the government also takes necessary action by giving an yardstick of the maximum ESWL that can be allowed, then cracking can be prevented. However in practical it is not possible always. Our conciousness also plays a great role. If we can understand what can cause cracking and take ne cessary action, then it can be prevented.

Anatomy of Blood Cells Exercise 32

CROSS-SECTIONAL VIEWS OF AN ARTERY AND OF A VEIN ARE SHOWN HERE. IDENTIFY EACH; ON THE LINES TO THE SIDES, NOTE THE STRUCTURAL DETAILS THAT ENABLED YOU TO MAKE THESE IDENTIFICATIONS: STRUCTURAL DETAILS: ARTERY: ROUND AND THICK VEIN: THIN AND SQUIGGLY 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF TUNICA INTIMA INNERMOST TUNIC, THIN TUNIC OF CAPILLARIES 3 CHARACTERISTICS OF TUNICA MEDIA ESPECIALLY THICK IN ELASTIC ARTERIES, CONTAINS SMOOTH MUSCLE AND ELASTIN 4 CHARACTERISTICS OF TUNICA EXTERNA MOST SUPERFICIAL TUNIC, HAS A SMOOTH SURFACE TO DECREASE RESISTANCE TO BLOOD FLOW 5 WHY ARE VALVES PRESENT IN VEINS BUT NOT IN ARTERIES? Veins need valves to create pressure to pump the blood to the heart. Blood flows away from the heart and, therefore, the pressure is not required. Helps against gravity. 6 NAME TWO EVENTS OCCURING WITHIN THE BODY THAT AID IN VENOUS RETURN. 1. Respiratory â€Å"Pump†. Pressure changes that occur in the thorax during breathing. 2. Muscular â€Å"Pump†. Contraction and Relaxation of skeletal muscles surrounding the veins 7 WHY ARE THE WALLS OF ARTERIES PROPERTIONATELY THICKER THAN THOSE OF THE CORRESPONDING VEINS? Because the blood is pumped directly into arteries so there is more pressure on the arteries 8 THE ARTERIAL SYSTEM HAS ONE OF THESE; THE VENOUS SYSTEM HAS TWO BRACHIOCEPHALIC 9 THESE ARTERIES SUPPLY THE MYOCARDIUM CORONARY 10 TWO PAIRED ARTERIES SERVING THE BRAIN EXTERNAL CAROTID, INTERNAL CAROTID 11 LONGEST VEIN IN THE LOWER LIMB GREAT SAPHENOUS 12 ARTERY ON THE DORSUM OF THE FOOT CHECKED AFTER LEG SURGERY DORSALIS PEDIS 13 SERVES THE POSTERIOR THIGH FEMORAL 14 Ok, so you’re using my notecards which is great. I am glad I could help you out cause I wish I had someone to help me out when I took this course. I know Anatomy is super hard. I only ask that if you find these notecards helpful, you join Easy Notecards and create at least one notecard set to help others out. It can be for any subject or class. Thanks and don’t forget to rate my helpfulness! 15 SUPPLIES THE DIAPHRAGM PHRENIC 16 FORMED BY THE UNION OF THE RADIAL AND ULNAR VEINS BRACHIAL 17 TWO SUPERFICIAL VEINS OF THE ARM BASILIC, CEPHALIC 18 ARTERY SERVING THE KIDNEY RENAL 19 VEINS DRAINING THE LIVER HEPATIC 20 ARTERY THAT SUPPLIES THE DISTAL HALF OF THE LARGE INTESTINE INFERIOR MESENTERIC 21 DRAINS THE PELVIC ORGANS INTERNAL ILIAC 22 WHAT THE EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY BECOMES ON ENTRY INTO THE THIGH DEEP ARTERY OF THE THIGH, FEMORAL 23 MAJOR ARTERY SERVING THE ARM SUBCLAVIAN 24 SUPPLIES MOST OF THE SMALL INTESTINE SUPERIOR MESENTERIC 25 JOIN TO FORM THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA COMMON ILIAC 26 AN ARTERIAL TRUNK THAT HAS THREE MAJOR BRANCHES, WHICH RUN TO THE LIVER, SPLEEN, AND STOMACH CELIAC TRUNK 27 MAJOR ARTERY SERVING THE TISSUES EXTERNAL TO THE SKULL COMMON CAROTID 28 THREE VEINS SERVING THE LEG ANTERIOR TIBIAL, FIBULAR, POSTERIOR TIBIAL 29 ARTERY GENERALLY USED TO TAKE THE PULSE AT THE WRIST RADIAL 30 WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE CEREBRAL ARTERIAL CIRCLE (CIRCLE OF WILLIS)? PROVIDES ALTERNATE PATHWAYS FOR BLOOD TO REACH BRAIN TISSUE IN THE CASE OF IMPAIRED BLOOD FLOW IN THIS SYSTEM. 31 THE ANTERIOR AND MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERIES ARISE FROM THE __1__ ARTERY. THEY SERVE THE __2__ OF THE BRAIN. 1. INTERNAL CAROTID 2 CEREBRUM 32 TRACE THE PATHWAY OF A DROP OF BLOOD FROM THE AORTA TO THE LEFT OCCIPITAL LOBE OF THE BRAIN, NOTING ALL STRUCTURES THROUGH WHICH IT FLOWS? subclavian artery, vertebral artery, basilar artery, posterior cerebral artery 33 LABEL ARTERIES 34 LABEL ARTERIES 35 LABEL ARTERIES 36 LABEL ARTERIES 37 LABEL ARTERIES 38 LABEL ARTERIES 39 LABEL ARTERIES 40 LABEL ARTERIES 41 TRACE THE PATHWAY OF A CARBON DIOXIDE GAS MOLECULE IN THE BLOOD FROM THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA UNTIL IT LEAVES THE BLOODSTREAM. NAME ALL STRUCTURES (VESSELS, HEART CHAMBERS, AND OTHERS) PASSED THROUGH EN ROUTE. RIGHT ATRIUM -> RIGHT VENTRICLE -> PULMONARY TRUNK -> RIGHT OR LEFT PULMONARY ARTERY -> LOBAR ARTERY -> PULMONARY CAPILLARY BEDS IN LUNGS -> AIR SACS OF LUNGS.

Natural Disasters and Catastrophes Essay

From researching online databases of my city, I’ve found that we are focused on planning ahead for disasters such as hurricanes, or even different forms like terrorism for example. The city acknowledges this strategic planning needed, as well as building public awareness and the development of hazardous mitigation and emergency response plans. According to the mayor, these plans are at completion and ready for use when or if the time ever comes. It was also found that all of this preparedness has been keeping the city’s homeland security team completely busy for the past few years as the city stresses necessary training, new equipment and education and the growing development of the new Community Emergency Response Team. If you are to draw any evidence from these actions of my city, it is that the key stress is maximum preparedness and planning which isn’t a bad emphasis when you’re dealing with natural disasters. Agencies One agency in the city of West Haven in regards to emergency preparedness is the Medical Reserve Corps or MRC. They are actually sponsored by the office of the U.S. Surgeon General. As a community based volunteering network, they are organized to support the existing public health structure during emergencies and even non-emergency events. The responsibilities include managing natural disasters, illnesses, man-made emergencies and community health events. Member positions range from medical practitioners, nurses, mental health professionals as well as miscellaneous volunteering roles. Another agency with emergency preparedness in my city is the Community Emergency Response Team or CERT. On September 23, 2006 CERT was launched in West Haven with thirty two volunteers. The theory behind the development of CERT is actually quite obvious but some places might never put this into perspective sadly. In major emergencies it’s a fact that emergency services are overloaded instantaneously. With CERT created it gives ordinary civilians the training opportunity they need to be prepared in emergency circumstances. This opens up the opportunity for a more independent society  with less of a need to seek professional emergency officials help in a time of crisis. Every area in our world faces the threat of earthquakes and tornadoes and the most common disasters we face are severe storms and floods. Essentially CERT is needed everywhere whether people believe it or not, it’s just whether or not the location acknowledges this. Geography West Haven has a total of 11 square miles of which 0.2 square miles is water and the remainder of space is land. Containing 3.5 miles of publicly accessible beaches, West Haven is bound in the southwest by The Oyster River, northwest by the town of Orange, north by New Haven, northeast by The West River, to the east is New Haven Harbor and to the south there is Long Island Sound which is separated by a break wall. With so much water lining the city it is quite vulnerable to water hazards like flooding and property damage during the several storms or hurricanes we get over the years. I myself have seen lots of homes on the water cease to exist because of these hurricanes in the past few years. In addition to that, there has also been much sand erosion on our beaches within the past few years. Literally half of the distance from our road to the water that was covered with sand now lies there.

Jimmy Carter and Political Maxim Essay

Hardball by Chris Matthews is an interpretation of what many know as â€Å"hard-politics†. The book describes the skill of playing the game in Washington and how to be successful at it. The book is a guide that teaches a series of maxims that would be in favor of politicians to learn in order to be successful. The different tactics provided in the book hold a lot of knowledge that would make the life of anyone following these strategies much easier when trying to get ahead in life. Matthews describes a countless number of examples of successful politicians that rose to the top. Those politicians are the ones who learned how to play hardball in Washington. Matthews provides many of his observations over the years and describes them with quotes from various sources. Quoted by Chris Matthews, he states â€Å"JFK would call 5 or 6 †¦ LBJ would take 19 names and call them all. † The quote lies deep in the heart of the political maxim retail politics. Retail politics is the management of one-to-one communication among voters or other politicians. Lyndon B. Johnson was a mastermind of retail politics and embraced every moment of it. Johnson’s success came from his unique instinct to work at a man’s ego. While JFK was more of a wholesaler, Johnson worked retail politics like it was candy. That is exactly what the quote is symbolizing, the difference between a wholesaler and a retail politician. JFK was more widespread and focused more on voters than other politicians. Johnson had the patience and humility to work with every legislator one at a time and get that connection that he needed. This type of networking is what made LBJ successful in politics and it’s what made him stand out from an average politician. Another quote provided in the book Hardball was in Chapter 3. It stated, â€Å"He’s not going to win. It’s a Republican district. He’d be better for us is he loses. He’ll work for me. He’ll bring his organization with him. † This was a strategy that President Jimmy Carter used to benefit his campaign. Jimmy Carter played smart politics in this quote that is connected to the â€Å"it’s better to receive than to give maxim. † The maxim means to let others give to you because it makes them feel involved. Carter played this strategy to a tee. Carter knew that his best line of defense would come from those who had lost their elections and were looking for a job. The quote symbolizes the tactic Carter used and how his intelligence allowed him to take advantage of the situation. He knew that those individuals faced a tough race and when they lost, they would become his support because people like to be used and not ignored. Another quotes that is related to the â€Å"it’s better to give then to receive,† maxim is a quote I found to be very witty. The quotes states, â€Å"I’ve lived across the street from you for 18 years †¦ I shoveled your walk in winter. I cut your grass in summer†¦ I didn’t think I had to ask you for your vote. He never forgot her response. ‘Tom, I want you to know something: people like to be asked. † The lady knew Tip O’Neil and all he had done for her over the years, but out of respect she found that all he needed to do was ask. She wanted to make sure she was considered and thought about, so she wouldn’t be taken for granted. The main point from this quote is that people don’t mind being used, but they do mind being taken for granted. It’s important to know that asking favors only brings in more supporters. People want to invest in others and are often not critical of that person because they also have a lot invested in them. An important maxim that a politician can learn is â€Å"don’t get mad, don’t get even; get ahead. † The following quotes states, â€Å"Cry Baby†, screamed the headline of the New York Daily News above a picture of Newt in diapers. â€Å"Newt’s Tantrum: He closed down the government because Clinton made him sit at the back of the plane. I find this quote to be the funniest of the rest of the quotes. It clearly demonstrates the fallout of trying to get even with someone. It doesn’t work so ignore the revenge part and surpass your expectations. The political maxim â€Å"don’t get mad, don’t get even; get ahead,† means to maintain calm and concentrate all your power on progressing and becoming a success. Newt Gingrich didn’t apply the political maxim to his career which resulted in the quote above. His ego allowed a government shutdown to occur and the pressed slammed him in all newspapers. Gingrich forgot to concentrate on moving past the government shutdown, but instead played a game and lost the political game. My favorite political maxim in the book is â€Å"Leave no shot unanswered. † The following quote corresponds with the political maxim as it states, â€Å"The purpose of the war room was not just to respond to Republican attacks †¦ It was to respond to them fast, even before they were broadcasted or published, when the lead of the story was still rolling around in the reporter’s mind†¦ † Bill Clinton knew of that certain political maxim and he knew it well. Attacks to a candidate are harmful if left alone. They stick to you and become a reality if they are not disputed. Aided by George Stephanopoulos, Bill Clinton was alerted of the lethal combination of an unanswered shot. It was an important strategy because if a shot is unanswered, people start to believe that it is true which can sometimes ruin an entire campaign. The quote also makes you realize the necessity of responding to an attack. Clinton had to create an entire new room named, â€Å"the War Room† in order to fire back. That shows how much of an importance it is to leave no shot unanswered.

An Estimation of the Total Economic Value of a local park Essay

An Estimation of the Total Economic Value of a local park - Essay Example Total Economic Value of Kings Park is $6869.3m. Though the park authority is making much money, but they could make much more if they pay attention in terms of entrance fare, number of guides, transport services for foreign visitors, hospitality and other facilities. Having good and bad sides, Kings Park is one of the mentionable parks for its monuments that they have built for showing respect and honor to some people who have sacrificed their lives in different memorable events. Research means scrutinizing carefully of a certain topic. For this research-based project, we have told to make an estimation of the total economic value of a local public park. That means that kind of park, which is for public entertainment. For an example, the names of National Park, City Park, Mexican Forest Park, Bold Park, Central Park and many other parks of different countries may be mentioned here. As a real park, I have selected Kings Park of Western Australia as my chosen park. To do the project, I have done a questionnaire-based fieldwork (research based on questionnaire and making interviews of related groups), which made my project more reliable and easier to do. Though it is a short project, but I had to be careful in case of collecting information and applying them properly. My lack of knowledge and shortage of information were great limitations for this work, but the Park authority helped me very much by providing disc losable information. But they didn’t disc lose some confidential information, which is part of their business policy. I am very grateful to our instructor who has given me the opportunity to do the project that has enriched my knowledge, skills, and practical experiences on a mentionable place of a distinctive country. The streets of Kings Park are another symbol of peace. They are lined with individual plaques. The plaques are dedicated by Western Australian Service men and

Thinking Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Thinking Religion - Essay Example Another misconception is that Baptists only believe in the St. James Bible, which is the first Bible to be mass produced and distributed. This misconception came about because some Baptist churches insisted that worshippers coming to the church were given St. James bibles only. People bringing in their own bibles were pointedly asked by ushers which bibles they had, and if were any other version of the Bible, they were asked to use the St. James Bible only. Those who refused were asked to leave the church. This gave everyone the impression that Baptists believed in the St. James Bible only and not any of the other versions of the Bible which people used. These conservative Baptists believed that other versions were not true interpretations of the word of God and that the true word of God must not be diluted or misinterpreted in any way. This fierce debate was generated by Dr. Peter Ruckman with his book, Bible Babel (1964). Dr. Peter vehemently attacked those who did not agree with h im. This hostility caused embarrassment to Baptists when the debate spread even over the Internet. Before this controversy, choosing a Bible version was quite easy. However, there are some scholars who have maintained self-esteem and responsibility in these discussions. Such sanity is much-admired and highly praised. Instead of making personal attacks on others, they believed in the power of God and his text and did not think that a good Christian is the one that reads the St. James Bible only.